Anglonautes > USA > History > 20th century

await identification before burial.

15 December 1944

Source National Archives and Records Administration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DeadBelgiumcivilians1944.jpg

Author Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Public Domain Photographs

Primary source > NARA > ARC Identifier 196543
http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=196543&jScript=true

Troops of the famed 82nd Airborne Div (3rd Batt; 504th Para. Reg.).

march through snow behind tanks of the 340th Tank battalion

on way to engage Germans nr. town of Herresbach during the Battle of the Bulge.

Location: Herresbach, Belgium

Date taken: December 1944

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=7e3993069999e7fc

Bodies (marked for identification)

of American POW soldiers of Battery B, 285th Field Artillery Observation Battlion

murdered in cold blood on Dec. 17, 1944

by a regiment of the Nazi 1st SS Panzer Div.

under command of Lt. Col. Jochen Peiper outside the town of Malmedy

during the opening days of the Battle of the Bulge.

Location: Malmedy, Belgium

Date taken: January 15, 1945

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=2e2ddd790a82d179

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bulge/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ff7_bulge.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/battle_bulge_01.shtml

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10006178

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/maps/wwii/essay1.html

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/system/topicRoot/Battle_of_the_Bulge/

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/23/opinion/23colley.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/10/second-world-war-battle-bulge

First Jewish Broadcast from Aachen, Germany Oct. 29, 1944

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/18/nyregion/18cantor.html

http://www.ajcarchives.org/main.php?GroupingId=1240

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZihm6VlYjo

Second Moscow Conference 9-19 October 1944

The Allied conference

held in Moscow in October 1944 was codenamed Tolstoy.

It involved Stalin, Churchill and their advisors.

America was represented

by the US ambassador Averell Harriman, as an observer,

and the head of the US military in Moscow, General John Dean.

Outcome: Decisions about Russia's entry in the war against Japan;

post-war division of the Balkans; the future of Poland.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1144874.shtml

Holland Battle of Arnhem Operation Market Garden 17-25/26 September 1944

US Airborne Divisions take objectives in Holland

to open a corridor for the advancing British Army.

British 1st Airborne 10 Division lands at Arnhem but meets strong resistance.

The Allies fail to gain a bridgehead across the lower River Rhine

Airborne troops retreat from Arnhem 26 September 1944

http://london.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/4/dday/pdfs/DDayAftermath.pdf

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/26/newsid_3523000/3523972.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/battle_arnhem_01.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_arnhem.shtml

http://london.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/4/dday/pdfs/DDayAftermath.pdf

Conferences > Quebec, Canada - 1944 (codename Octagon) September 12 – 16, 1944

Participants : Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt

Objectives:

Churchill: to ensure that Great Britain received extended U.S. Lend-Lease supplies

and to propose dividing Germany into zones of occupation ;

Roosevelt: to discuss the plan on the deindustrialization of Germany

created by Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau.

Outcome: They determined Allied military strategy in Europe and the Pacific.

Churchill committed a British fleet to help the U.S. in the Pacific war

and received the assurance of continued Lend-Lease aid

while Japan remained undefeated.

The men agreed that Germany

would be divided into occupation zones after the war.

Despite Churchill’s reservations,

they also approved the Morgenthau plan to obliterate German industry

and give German machinery to Allied nations;

the plan was later abandoned.

http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/in-depth/the-conferences.html#Octagon

Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt

sitting together on terrace of The Citadel, Quebec,

during the two leaders' conference on war problems.

Location: Quebec City, Canada

Date taken: 1944

Photographer: George Skadding

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/f724f4053cc353c0.html

France Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944

American troops in tank passing the Arc de Triomphe after the liberation of Paris,

August 1944.

208-YE-68.

Pictures of World War II

US National Archives
http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-105.jpg

Sign carrying civilians march in parade

the day after the liberation of Paris by Allied troops.

Location: Paris, France

Date taken: August 26, 1944

Photographer: Frank Scherschel

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=2f7515f69abac870

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7984436.stm

http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/?template=print#france

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/10/liberation-paris-lee-miller-1944

http://www.v1.paris.fr/musees/memorial/liberation_de_paris/default.htm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3590542.stm

http://www.lemonde.fr/shoah-les-derniers-temoins-racontent/article/2005/08/01/
les-parisiens-racontent-l-embrasement-d-une-ville_676095_641295.html#ens_id=675875

http://www.ina.fr/histoire-et-conflits/seconde-guerre-mondiale/video/
AFE00003169/le-general-de-gaulle-a-paris.fr.html

http://www.ina.fr/fictions-et-animations/fictions-historiques/video/AFE99000037/
le-general-de-gaulle-met-le-pied-sur-la-terre-de-france.fr.html

http://www.ina.fr/fictions-et-animations/fictions-historiques/video/AFE00003044/
role-de-l-armee-francaise-dans-la-liberation-de-la-france.fr.html

http://www.ina.fr/histoire-et-conflits/seconde-guerre-mondiale/video/AFE00003140/
annonces-du-debarquement-en-normandie-et-de-la-liberation-de-paris-a-alger.fr.html

http://www.ina.fr/histoire-et-conflits/seconde-guerre-mondiale/video/AFE99000038/
journal-de-la-resistance-la-liberation-de-paris.fr.html

http://www.ina.fr/histoire-et-conflits/seconde-guerre-mondiale/video/AFE01000022/
la-liberation-de-paris-version-monde-libre.fr.html

http://www.ina.fr/histoire-et-conflits/seconde-guerre-mondiale/video/AFE04002049/
bilan-d-un-an.fr.html

Paris liberation made 'whites only' 25 August 1944

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7984436.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/7868913.stm

Germany The Stauffenberg plot to kill Hitler July 1944

Count Claus von Stauffenberg 1907-1944

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/10/stauffenberg-plot-germany-hitler

Italy Liberation of Rome June 1944

http://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/an-american-garden-in-a-foreign-land/

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/10/liberation-rome-1944-second-world-war

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/5/newsid_3547000/3547329.stm

D-Day / Normandy landings June 6, 1944

Operation Overlord, Letters from D-day, First-person accounts, Capa's photographs

Alexander Cassie, known as Sandy 1916-2012

It was on the moonless night of March 24 and 25, 1944,

that 76 Allied prisoners of war, most of them British,

clambered down a 30-foot shaft

and crawled through a 340-foot-long tunnel

below the supposedly escape-proof Stalag Luft III camp in eastern Germany

— the daring breakout that was celebrated

in the classic 1963 movie “The Great Escape.”

In their pockets, the escapees carried

what looked like officially stamped documents, identification cards,

business cards and even letters written in German

from purported wives and sweethearts,

all of which were intended to make it possible for them

to befuddle a hapless guard or police officer

stopping them on their way to freedom.

Flight Lt. Alex Cassie, a British bomber pilot,

was one of a half-dozen artists

who had been forging those documents for months,

playing a central role in the larger conspiracy

to free hundreds of the nearly 1,000 airmen in the camp.

They called their unit Dean and Dawson,

after a well-known London travel agency.

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/world/europe/alex-cassie-who-aided-great-escape-from-nazis-dies-at-95.html

Italian Campaign 1943-1945

Battle of Kursk The largest tank battle in history July-August 1943

German and Soviet operations on the Eastern Front

Georgi Zhukov 1896-1974

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/zhukov_georgi.shtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk

Western Allies invade Sicily July 1943

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/10/newsid_3587000/3587283.stm

Allies Italian campaign 1943-1945

The campaign started in July 1943,

when the troops invading Italian territory

became the first to liberate Nazi Europe,

and did not end until 1945.

However,

much of the most critical fighting took place in May and June 1944,

leading up to the liberation of Rome, on 5 June 1944

– the day before the Normandy Landings.

(...)

Allied casualties in Italy were more than 312,000

– considerably higher than those in Normandy.

British casualties are thought to have been more than 90,000,

during a gruelling advance northwards

through what Winston Churchill called the "underbelly of Europe".

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/britainatwar/5299500/D-Day-dodgers-prepare-for-attention.html

Allies Second Washington Conference 11-25 May 1943

The primary focus of the conference

was future strategy in the European war.

A major decision was made to delay the invasion of France;

a date was set for May the following year.

To establish air bases in the Azores,

the Allies also decided to apply to Portugal for assistance.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1142047.shtml

Norway Birger Edvin Martin Stromsheim 1911-2012

There was no Google Earth, no Gore-Tex

and only a modest measure of hope on the February night in 1943

when six Norwegians parachuted into

the remote and frigid Telemark region of their home country

for an outdoor challenge like few others.

They had skis and explosives and a destination:

the German-controlled Norsk Hydro facility,

high on an isolated and snowy ridge.

The Norwegians intended to destroy equipment inside

that the Germans were using to produce what is known as heavy water,

a crucial ingredient in making a nuclear weapon

and one they feared the Nazis would use to build an atomic bomb.

One of the demolitions experts on the team, Birger Stromsheim,

died Nov. 10 in Oslo at 101.

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/10/world/europe/birger-stromsheim-who-aided-raid-on-nazi-plant-dies-at-101.html

Allies Casablanca Conference 14-24 January 1943

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1140373.shtml

Russia Battle of Stalingrad August 21, 1942 - February 2, 1943

Red Army soldier marches a German soldier into captivity

English translation of the original image caption:
The Battle of Stalingrad from 7 July 1942 through 2 Feb 1943
After the capitulation of the fascist German troops on 31 January and 2 February,
91,000 survivors became prisoners of war.
A younger soldier and fanatical Nazi, who has not realized this end, yet.
Note: The original image caption is communist propaganda, obviously.
In fact, you see nothing but a wounded young POW, guarded by a soviet soldier (in background).
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv
_Bild_183-E0406-0022-011,_Russland,_deutscher_Kriegsgefangener.jpg

Primary source > Bundesarchiv
Original title: ADN-Zentralbild/Archiv
II Weltkrieg 1939-45
Die Schlacht um Stalingrad vom 17.7.1942 bis 2.2.1943.
Nach der Kapitulation der faschistischen deutschen Truppen am 31.1. und 2.2.1943
gingen 91 000 Überlebende in die Gefangenschaft.
Ein junger Soldat und fanatischer Nazi, der dieses Ende noch nicht begriffen hat.
Signature: Bild 183-E0406-0022-011
Inventory: Bild 183 - Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst - Zentralbild
http://www.bild.bundesarchiv.de/archives/barchpic/search/
_1253291491/?search%5Bform%5D%5BSIGNATUR%5D=Bild+183-E0406-0022-011

Defeat of Nazi Germany, 1942-1945 > map

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005137&MediaId=364

Time Covers - The 40S

TIME cover: 01-04-1943 ill. of Russian dictator Joseph Stalin.

Date taken: January 4, 1943

Photographer: Boris Artzybasheff

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/bed53c5b713f160a.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/2/newsid_3573000/3573003.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/hitler_russia_invasion_04.shtml

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/system/topicRoot/Stalingrad_/

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/08/hitler-germany-campaign-collapsed

Operation Torch

Algeria-Morocco military campaign

Allied Landings in French North Africa 8 November 1942

France Dieppe Raid / Landing

also known as

The Battle of Dieppe, Operation Rutter or Operation Jubilee 19 August 1942

Most of the 6,000-strong force was made up of Canadians,

seeing front line action for the first time,

as well as British, American and French soldiers.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/19/newsid_3560000/3560309.stm

http://www.junobeach.org/e/2/can-eve-mob-die-e.htm

http://www.dday-overlord.com/eng/operation_jubilee.htm

http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/dieppe/026012-4060-e.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/19/newsid_3560000/3560309.stm

France Près de Soisson Margival, la forteresse hitlérienne méconnue

Construit en 1942 par des ouvriers français,

le camp de Margival, dans l'Aisne, fut, jusqu'en 1944,

le QG d'Hitler en France.

http://www.lesechos.fr/info/france/020725082719.htm

http://www.dday-overlord.com/eng/bridgehead_3.htm

The Japanese military raped and enslaved

thousands of Asian and European women in army brothels

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/opinion/another-attempt-to-deny-japans-history.html

Singapore forced to surrender 15 February 1942

British forces in Singapore

surrender unconditionally to the Japanese

seven days after enemy troops first stormed the island.

(...)

The British capitulation comes one week after

Japanese forces invaded Singapore

and only two weeks since their onslaught on the Malay Peninsula

forced the British troops' withdrawal to the island.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm

USA The Women Airforce Service Pilots The "WASPs" 1942

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/24/us/24cowden.html

Allies Washington Conference 22 December 1941 - 14 January 1942

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1140346.shtml

Germany and Italy declare war on US 11 December 1941

Germany and Italy

announce they are at war with the United States.

America immediately responds

by declaring war on the two Axis powers.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/11/newsid_3532000/3532401.stm

Allies Normandie-Niémen unit

Created by de Gaulle in 1942

to help repel Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941,

the Normandie-Niémen unit was composed

of nearly 100 French fighter pilots,

almost half of whom were killed in action.

ttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/26/world/europe/26albert.html

Atlantic Ocean

Contemporary accounts

of Atlantic Ocean battles during the second world war

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/08/buchheim-monsarrat-atlantic-naval-duel-ww2

USA Home front

The Tuskegee Airmen

were the country's first black aviation combat unit.

The legendary all-black fighting force,

originally 16,000 pilots and ground crew, fought in World War II

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/t/tuskegee_airmen/index.html

Members of the famed Tuskegee Airmen as cadets

(L-R) Lemuel Custis, Mac Ross, Charles DeBow, Frederick Moore, C.H. Flowers Jr., George Levi Knox,

instructor Donald McPherson, Lee Rayford, Sherman White Jr., George Roberts & James Knighten

looking at a flight map during a training class.

Location: Tuskegee, AL, US

Date taken: 1942

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=1cac5d31f866bb5e

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/t/tuskegee_airmen/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/24/us/24cowden.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/29/business/29haysbert.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/04/us/04archer.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/8686847

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/8921162

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/8922048

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/feb/18/lee-archer-obituary

http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2010/mar/08/percy-sutton-obituary

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/8431012

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-03-29-tuskegee_N.htm

Secret meetings seal US-Britain alliance August 1941

Top-secret meetings between Prime Minister Winston Churchill

and American President Franklin D Roosevelt

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/14/newsid_3536000/3536533.stm

Soviet-German War 1941-1945

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/soviet_german_war_01.shtml

Germans invade the Soviet Union Operation Barbarossa 22 June 1941

Air Raid Over Moscow

Overall of central Moscow w. antiaircraft gunners dotting sky over Red Square

w. exploding shells w. spires of Kremlin silhouetted by German Luftwaffe flare.

Location: Moscow, Russia

Date taken: July 26, 1941

Photographer: Margaret Bourke-White

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=eabefc43c9dc43b0

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/hitler_russia_invasion_02.shtml

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/22/newsid_3526000/3526691.stm

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/06/operation-barbarossa-russia-second-world-war

Greece Axis occupation April 1941 - October 1944

The Axis occupation of Greece

during World War II began in April 1941

after the German and Italian invasion of Greece,

and was carried out together with Bulgarian forces.

The Occupation lasted

until the German withdrawal from the mainland in October 1944.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece_during_World_War_II

Ragged young Greek children during WWII.

Location: Greece

Date taken: October 1944

Photographer: Dmitri Kessel

Life Images
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece_during_World_War_II

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece_during_World_War_II

In early March 1941,

Bulgaria joined the Axis alliance

and, in April 1941,

participated in the German-led attack on Yugoslavia and Greece.

In return, Bulgaria received most of Thrace from Greece, and Macedonia

as well as parts of eastern Serbia from Yugoslavia.

Though Bulgaria participated in the Balkan Campaign,

it refused to enter the war against the Soviet Union

in June 1941

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005451

Hitler/Jaeger File

German troops enter Bulgaria.

Date taken: March 1941

Photographer: Hugo Jaeger

Hugo Jaeger was one of Hitler's personal photographers.
http://www.life.com/image/ugc1000272/in-gallery/27022

Life images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=79631bc8a3b75742

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005451

USA / Japan Pacific Campaign 1941-1945

USA Japanese-Americans internment camps

USA / Japan Pearl Harbor Sunday, 7 December 1941

The case against American isolationism

during the second world war

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/07/american-isolationism-henry-luce-ww2

Britain declares war on

Finland, Hungary and Romania on 5 December 1941,

following the signing of the Tri-partite Pact

and Finland's alliance with Germany

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1138501.shtml

German conquests in Europe map 1939-1942

German conquests in Europe, 1939-1942 > map
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005137&MediaId=363

USA Trading with the Enemy Act

George W. Bush's grandfather / US senator Prescott Sheldon Bush 1895-1972

Steve Bell The Guardian G2 p. 23 10.5.2005

Top > Main character : U.S. President George W. Bush

Top > last image on tle right: Adolf Hitler.
http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2005/05/10/pages/two22.shtml

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/sep/25/usa.secondworldwar

http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=b001167

http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1312540,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1312517,00.html

http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,100474,00.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/MDbushPR.htm

http://wonkette.com/politics/dept'-of-aristocracy/
memorial-day-photo-fun-prescott-bush-runs-the-world-263710.php

Poland

Katyn massacre / zbrodnia katyńska, mord katyński / Катынский расстрел 1940

In the spring of 1940

the Soviets proceeded with the “liquidation” of the Polish officer corps,

shooting nearly 15,000 men in Katyn Forest

http://movies.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/movies/18katy.html

22,000 Polish officers and intellectuals were murdered

http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/24/katyn-massacre-poland-president

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/28/katyn-massacre-russia-documents-web

http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/24/katyn-massacre-poland-president

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/katyn-painful-wound-that-has-yet-to-heal-1942117.html

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/5579176/Katyn-review.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8606126.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11845315

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/jun/19/katyn-andrzej-wajda-film-review

http://movies.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/movies/18katy.html

United Kingdom Charles de Gaulle's BBC rallying call to France

Appel du 22 juin 22 June 1940

Il n'y a pas eu d'enregistrement (audio ou film)

de l'Appel du 18 juin 1940,

contrairement à celui du 22 juin 1940,

avec lequel on le confond souvent

http://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/pages/l-homme/dossiers-thematiques/
1940-1944-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale/l-appel-du-18-juin/documents/l-appel-du-22-juin-1940.php

United Kingdom

Charles de Gaulle's BBC rallying call to France Appel du 18 juin 18 June 1940

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jun/18/charles-de-gaulle-bbc-broadcast

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jun/13/de-gaulle-rallying-cry-almost-silenced

http://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/pages/l-homme/dossiers-thematiques/
1940-1944-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale/l-appel-du-18-juin.php

http://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/pages/l-homme/dossiers-thematiques/
1940-1944-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale/l-appel-du-18-juin/documents/l-appel-du-18-juin-1940.php

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10339678

France Bataille de Dunkerque / Battle of Dunkirk 20 May-3 June 1940

Hitler/Jaeger File

Dunkirk after British bombardment and retreat.

Location: Dunkirk, France

Date taken: June 1940

Photographer: Hugo Jaeger

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/df15c1ca7a20795a.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/4/newsid_3500000/3500865.stm

Guerre dans le Grand Nord Occupation of Denmark

En avril 1940,

les troupes allemandes lancent une offensive contre la Norvège.

D’abord prises au piège à Narvik,

port norvégien au-delà du cercle polaire,

elles sont ensuite en première ligne

pour attaquer l’Union soviétique.

http://www.arte.tv/fr/content/tv/02__Universes/U1__Comprendre__le__monde/02-
WebMagazines/50_20ARTE_20Histoire/01_20Geschichte_20am_20Mittwoch/01_20Aktuell/edition-2010.08.08/ART__intro__Arktis__11.08.2010/3347848.html

http://www.arte.tv/fr/content/tv/02__Universes/U1__Comprendre__le__monde/
02-WebMagazines/50_20ARTE_20Histoire/01_20Geschichte_20am_20Mittwoch/
01_20Aktuell/edition-2010.08.08/ART__intro__Arktis__11.08.2010/3347848.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Denmark

http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/jan/13/ignobledanes

Romania and Hungary joined the Tri-partite Pact

- originally signed on September 27, 1940 by Germany, Japan and Italy -

in November 1940,

as Hitler prepared his attack

against Bolshevism on the Eastern Front.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1138501.shtml

France Hendaye Adolf Hitler meets Francisco Franco October 23, 1940

Smiling German ldr. Adolf Hitler (R)

shaking hands w. Spanish leader Generalissimo Francisco Franco (2L)

during Hitler's only official meeeting w. Franco.

Location: Hendaye, France

Date taken: October 23, 1940

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=2bab5be9c6f1bc41

http://www.ina.fr/histoire-et-conflits/seconde-guerre-mondiale/video/
AFE85000178/entrevue-historique-du-chancelier-hitler-avec-le-general-franco.fr.html

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/3533400/Franco-feared-Hitler-would-kidnap-him.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d32vTvpV7s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8iZx83C_bM

The Tripartite Pact,

also called the Three-Power Pact, Axis Pact,

Three-way Pact or Tripartite Treaty,

was signed in Berlin, Germany on September 27, 1940.

It established the Axis Powers of World War II.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite_Pact

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?ModuleId=10005177

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/triparti.asp

http://www.ina.fr/fresques/jalons/notice/InaEdu00227/
signature-du-pacte-tripartite-entre-l-allemagne-l-italie-et-le-japon

The Fall of France May-June 1940

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/fall_france_01.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/45/a2598645.shtml

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005429

Netherlands Rotterdam

German bombers set whole inner city of Rotterdam ablaze,

killing 30,000 of its inhabitants May 14, 1940

Leveled city of Rotterdam resulting from ignored German ultimatum

ordering Dutch commander of city to cease fire delivered to him at 10:30 a.m. on May 14, 1940;

at 1:22 p.m., German bombers set whole inner city of Rotterdam ablase,

killing 30,000 of its inhabitants.

Location: Rotterdam, Netherlands

Date taken: 1940
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=c35a9c97fcd778ca

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Blitz

Why did the second world war begin?

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/05/second-world-war-background-causes

Russia before the second world war

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/05/second-world-war-stalin-russia

Rising tension in Asia before the second world war

Declining relations between Russia and Japan

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/05/second-world-war-asia-japan-russia

America's economy before the second world war

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/05/america-great-depression-second-world-war

The economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles 28 June 1919

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/05/versailles-second-world-war

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/versailles_01.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/outcomes3_01.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/thetreatyrev1.shtml

Nazi Germany invades Poland September 1, 1939

Beginning of World War II

as the United Kingdom declares war on Germany

in response to the invasion.

The Soviet Union invades from the east.

Germany and the Soviet Union divide Poland between them

and treat Polish citizens with extreme brutality.

Germany begins systematic persecution of the large Jewish population.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3506000/3506335.stm

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?ModuleId=10005070

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005300

http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/focus/wwii/

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005069

http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/ww2outbreak/7913.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/ww2outbreak/7914.shtml

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact / Nazi-Soviet Pact

Treaty of Non-Aggression

between the Third German Reich

and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 23 / 24 August 1939

L to R: Stalin and Ribbentrop

at the signing of the Pact

23 August 1939

Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337,_Moskau,_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin

Primary source > Das Bundesarchiv
http://www.bild.bundesarchiv.de/archives/barchpic/search/_1252826541/?
search%5Bform%5D%5BSIGNATUR%5D=Bild+183-H27337

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8212451.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8214391.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/higher/history/roadwar/munich_rev2.shtml

Italy and Germany sign the Pact of Steel

to help each other in the event of war 22 May 1939

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/higher/history/roadwar/munich_rev2.shtml

Munich agreement / Annexation of Austria / Czechoslovakia partition 1938-1939

German-Japanese Treaty

Berlin and Tokio announce their pact November 1936

http://century.guardian.co.uk/1930-1939/Story/0,,127041,00.html

Germany begins rearming

and invades the Rhineland up to the French border 1936

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/britain_wwtwo/overview_britain_1918_1945_03.shtml

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=536

Italy Mussolini 'Ethiopia is Italian' 1936

http://century.guardian.co.uk/1930-1939/Story/0,,127067,00.html

Italy Italy's empire building before the second world war

Mussolini's conquest of Abyssinia 1936

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/05/italy-abyssinia-second-world-war

http://century.guardian.co.uk/1930-1939/Story/0,,127069,00.html

Mussolini and Hitler

recognise the Government of General Franco November 1936

http://century.guardian.co.uk/1930-1939/Story/0,,127033,00.html

Anglo-German Naval Agreement June 18, 1935

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-German_Naval_Agreement

Nazi Germany

Germany Adolf Hitler comes to power 1933

on a programme to reverse the Versailles Treaty.

He withdraws from the disarmament conference

and leaves the League of Nations.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/britain_wwtwo/overview_britain_1918_1945_03.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/germany/hitlerconsolidaterev2.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/germany/hitlerconsolidaterev_print.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/sceptred_isle/page/197.shtml?question=197

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/aimsrev1.shtml

USA The Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act)

Japanese immigration to America is banned 1924

http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/id/87718.htm

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/immigration_chron.cfm

U.S. Isolationism 1920s

http://www.geocities.com/crownac/isolation.htm

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1584/is_n17_v2/ai_11173912

WW2 leaders

USA / UK / Europe > 20th century > World War II > Antisemitism / Holocaust > Nuremberg trial

France / Régime de Vichy > 20th century > World War II > Antisemitism / Collaboration

Europe > Poland / Hungary > 20th century > World War II > Antisemitism > Ghettos

Germany > 20th century > Nazi era

Anglonautes > History > USA / UK > WW2 > Pictures

Histoire / History > USA > Première guerre mondiale / WW1

Histoire / History > UK > Première guerre mondiale / WW1

Histoire / History > UK > Deuxième guerre mondiale / WW2

Images > Publicités / Advertisements > USA > Deuxième guerre mondiale / WW2

Anglonautes > Vocabulary > War

The New York Times > Topics > WW2
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/w/world_war_ii_/index.html

Canada > Canadian War Posters Collection
http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/warposters/english/introduction.htm

The Guardian > Second World War

Second world war > Holocaust
http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2009/sep/09/second-world-war

Second world war > Stalingrad
http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2009/sep/08/second-world-war

Second World War > Liberation
http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2009/sep/10/second-world-war

Second World War > Aftermath
http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2009/sep/11/second-world-war

BBC Archive
http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/index.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/ww2outbreak/7970.shtml

Combattants de l'ombre - Des Européens résistent au nazisme

Un film de Bernard George, ARTE France 2011

Tournée dans quatorze pays,
cette série exceptionnelle traite pour la première fois
de la Résistance dans sa dimension européenne.
À partir d'archives et de témoignages inédits,
un nouveau et passionnant regard sur cette époque.
http://www.arte.tv/fr/Comprendre-le-monde/histoire/Les-mercredis-de-l-histoire/2068068.html
http://videos.arte.tv/fr/videos/les_combattants_de_l_ombre_des_europeens_resistent_au_nazisme-4186160.html
http://videos.arte.tv/fr/videos/les_combattants_de_l_ombre_des_resistants_europeens_contre_le_nazisme-4186164.html

Le Monde Diplomatique > Seconde guerre mondiale 1939-1945
http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/index/sujet/secondeguerremondiale

US “sand pounders” / Coast Guardsmen
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/03/nyregion/john-cullen-coast-guardsman-who-detected-spies-dies-at-90.html

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