Anglonautes > History > 20th century > USA > Milestones in U.S. / American history

Primary source
NARA
Production Date(s): 02/17/1977
Part Of: File Unit:
Miss Lillian paid a brief call on her son after her return trip from India,
02/17/1977
http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=173724

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jc39.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/jimmy_carter/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/us/politics/11lipshutz.html

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-05-21-carter-bush_N.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-05-19-carter-bush_N.htm

http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,,1970147,00.html

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4984885

http://www.cartercenter.org/news/experts/jimmy_carter.html

http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.org/documents/jec/chron.phtml

http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/hostages.phtml

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2002/carter-bio.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/21/newsid_2506000/2506807.stm

http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.org/documents/hostages.phtml

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/peopleevents/e_hostage.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/peopleevents/e_peace.html

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=21

Iran Iranian Hostage Crisis November 1979 - January 1981

On November 4, 1979,

Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, seizing the staff.

They demanded the extradition of the deposed Shah of Iran from the United States,

where he was receiving cancer treatment.

Iran's revolutionary government,

headed by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a conservative Muslim leader,

supported the students, calling the embassy "a den of spies."

Female and African-American hostages were released within the first month,

and one other hostage was released months later, due to illness.

The remaining 52 were held hostage for 444 days.

They were finally released on January 20, 1981,

the day Jimmy Carter's successor, Ronald Reagan, was inaugurated.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/sfeature/sf_hostage.html

Time Covers - The 70S

TIME cover 11-26-1979

ill. of Ayatullah Khomeini and President Jimmy Carter

by Diana Walker.

Date taken: November 26, 1979

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=3646997ec2e843d8

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/16/world/16morefield.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/26/us/newburgh-ny-former-hostages-home-iran-families-join-them-west-point-president.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/21/newsid_2506000/2506807.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/25/newsid_2503000/2503899.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_3910000/3910627.stm

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/peopleevents/e_hostage.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/sfeature/sf_hostage.html

http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/hostages.phtml

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/806268.stm

Three Mile Island nuclear accident near Middletown, Pa. March 28, 1979

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/19/science/earth/19rating.html

http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/03/27/27greenwire-three-mile-island-still-haunts-us-reactor-indu-10327.html

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E2DC1E3FF932A35752C1A9649C8B63

Iran Exiled Ayatollah Khomeini returns to Iran 1 February 1979

Religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini

made a triumphant return to Iran after 14 years in exile.

Up to five million people lined the streets of the nation's capital, Tehran,

to witness the homecoming of the Shia Muslim imam.

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, 78,

was imprisoned by the Shah in 1963

for his opposition to reforms

and was expelled the following year, to Iraq - via Turkey.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/1/newsid_2521000/2521003.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/806268.stm

Iran Shah of Iran flees into exile 16 January 1979

The Shah of Iran

fled the country following months

of increasingly violent protests against his regime.

Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi and his wife, Empress Farah,

left Tehran and flew to Aswan in Egypt.

The couple's three youngest children were flown to the United States (...).

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/16/newsid_2530000/2530475.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/806268.stm

America puts the flag out for Deng 30 January 1979

http://www.guardian.co.uk/china/story/0,7369,1134076,00.html

Death penalty moratorium U.S. Supreme Court

Temporary halt to executions 1967-1977

The Supreme Court reinstates the death penalty in 1976

http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/bldeathpenalty.htm

http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/death/history.html

http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0428_0153_ZS.html

Gerald R. Ford 1913-2006

Thirty-Eighth President of the United States 1974-1977

Image: A4256-04

Event:

Location: The Oval Office

Description: President Ford (C)

chats with Chief of Staff Donald Rumsfeld (L)

and Rumsfeld’s assistant Richard Cheney (R) in the Oval Office.

Date: April 28, 1975

Credit: White House Photograph Courtesy Gerald R. Ford Library

Photographer: David Hume Kennerly

Rights Information: Public Domain (No usage fees, no permission required).

Media Photo Kit - The White House Years
http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/images/avproj/pop-ups/A4256-04.html
http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/avproj/whitehouse-years-02.asp

Image: A7598-20A

Event:

Location: Peking, China

Description: President and Mrs. Ford,

Vice Premier Deng Xiao Ping,

and Deng’s interpreter have a cordial chat during an informal meeting in Peking, China.

Date: December 3, 1975.

Credit: White House Photograph Courtesy Gerald R. Ford Library

Photographer: David Hume Kennerly

Rights Information: Public Domain (No usage fees, no permission required).

Media Photo Kit - The White House Years
http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/images/avproj/pop-ups/A7598-20A.html
http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/avproj/whitehouse-years-03.asp

Image: A2428-14A

Event:

Location: The Oval Office

Description: President Ford (R)

with George Harrison and Billy Preston (L) in the Oval Office.

Date: December 13, 1974

Credit: White House Photograph Courtesy Gerald R. Ford Library

Photographer: David Hume Kennerly

Rights Information: Public Domain (No usage fees, no permission required).

Media Photo Kit - The White House Years
http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/images/avproj/pop-ups/A2428-14A.html
http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/avproj/whitehouse-years-01.asp

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-01-03-ford_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-01-02-ford_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-27-ford-legacy-cover_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-27-ford-reaction_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-01-01-ford-church_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-31-ford-rotunda_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-29-ford-funeral_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-28-ford-funerals-spanning_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-27-ford-legacy-cover_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-27-ford-funerals_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-26-ford-obit_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-27-bush-ford_x.htm

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-2520241,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,,1978906,00.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/gf38.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/whos/whos-ford.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_11.html

Richard Milhous Nixon 1913-1994

37th President of the United States 1969-1974

Watergate > E. Howard Hunt, Deep Throat 1972

Elvis Presley meeting Richard Nixon.

December 1970,

at his own request, Presley met then-President Richard Nixon

in the Oval Office of The White House.

Elvis is on the right.
See: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/nixon-met-elvis/

Photo is by Ollie Atkins, chief White House photographer at the time. See ARC record

Public Domain (NARA).

Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Elvis-nixon.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley

Source primaire > NARA
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/nixon-met-elvis/

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rn37.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/n/richard_milhous_nixon/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/03/opinion/the-silent-majority-directors-statement.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/03/opinion/populism-and-the-silent-majority.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/09/us/09hickel.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/24/us/politics/24nixon.html

http://www.usatoday.com/money/books/2007-03-12-nixon-mao-usat_N.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-01-23-hunt-obit_x.htm

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/start/keywords/rmnixon.html

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/front.htm

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/splash1a.htm

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,1544897,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,1241218,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1496592,00.html

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,11069-1636363,00.html

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,11069-1635786,00.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/24/newsid_2779000/2779551.stm

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/31/AR2005053100655.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/politics/01throat.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/greatinterviews/nixon/0,,2154589,00.html

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/nixon-met-elvis/

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=12

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/watergate-constitution/

Chile General Augusto Pinochet

ousts Salvador Allende in CIA-sponsored coup

and proceeds to establish a brutal dictatorship 11 September 1973

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1222905.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A716591

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/chile.shtml

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/sep/10/chile.jonathanfranklin

http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,,305870,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1973/sep/12/chile.fromthearchive1

The Supreme Court

strikes down laws criminalizing abortion in Roe v. Wade Jan. 23, 1973

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/24/us/politics/24nixon.html

Richard Nixon makes historic visit to China February 1972

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/21/newsid_2728000/2728761.stm

Attica prison riot Sept. 9-13, 1971

On Sept. 13, 1971,

inmates at the Attica state prison in western New York State

surrendered after a raid, ordered by Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller,

that suppressed a four-day revolt and killed 29 inmates and 10 hostages.

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/nyregion/rockefeller-initially-boasted-to-nixon-about-attica-raid.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/opinion/the-lingering-injustice-of-attica.html

http://www.democratandchronicle.com/news/extra/attica/gallery/attica000.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/peopleevents/e_attica.html

Kent State University shootings May 4, 1970

http://www.uiowa.edu/~policult/assets/VietNam/KentState.jpg
added 2.9.2007
http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=364x1098949

John Filo

Wikipedia caption :

John Filo's iconic Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph

of Mary Ann Vecchio, a fourteen-year-old runaway,

kneeling over the dead body of Jeffrey Miller after he was shot by the National Guard.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_State_shootings

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/09/us/09hickel.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/may/06/ohio-neil-young-kent-state-shootings

http://archives.cnn.com/2000/US/05/04/kent.state.revisit/

http://dept.kent.edu/sociology/lewis/LEWIHEN.htm

http://omp.ohiolink.edu/OMP/YourScrapbook?scrapid=16045

http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2009/08/23/weekinreview/20090823_FAKE_SS_10.html

Chile Salvador Allende

becomes world's first democratically elected Marxist president

and embarks on an extensive programme of nationalisation and radical social reform 1970

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1222905.stm

Man on the moon 20 July 1969

Washington black riots 1968

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/apr/04/1968theyearofrevolt.usa

Vietnam War / Guerre du Vietnam

Voting Rights Act 1965

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/29/opinion/29wed2.html

http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/voting/intro/intro_b.php

http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/voting/sec_5/about.php

http://www.justice.gov/crt/voting/intro/intro.php

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/statutes.asp

http://www.documentary-video.com/resources/documents/147.pdf

http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/studentnews/02/04/one.sheet.right.to.vote/index.html

The Immigration Act of 1965

http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/historians/chapter11.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAimmigration65.htm

Watts Riots August 11, 1965

http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/times/times_watts.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,7792,1312004,00.html

Civil Rights Act 1964

This act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964,

prohibited discrimination in public places,

provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities,

and made employment discrimination illegal.

This document was the most sweeping civil rights legislation

since Reconstruction.

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=old&doc=97

Lyndon Baines Johnson 1908-1973

36th President of the United States 1963-1969

Description: Lyndon B. Johnson

taking the oath of office on Air Force One

following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Dallas, Texas.

Left to right: Mac Kilduff (holding dictating machine), Judge Sarah T. Hughes, Jack Valenti,

Congressman Albert Thomas, Marie Fehmer (behind Thomas), Lady Bird Johnson, Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry,

President Lyndon B. Johnson, Evelyn Lincoln (eyeglasses only visible above LBJ's shoulder),

Congressman Homer Thornberry (in shadow, partially obscured by LBJ), Roy Kellerman (partially obscured by Thornberry),

Lem Johns (partially obscured by Mrs. Kennedy), Jacqueline Kennedy, Pamela Tunure (behind Brooks),

Congressman Jack Brooks, Bill Moyers (mostly obscured by Brooks)

Source http://photolab.lbjlib.utexas.edu/detail.asp?id=18319

Date: November 22, 1963

Author: Cecil Stoughton, White House Press Office (WHPO)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson

Cecil Stoughton/The White House

Mr. Valenti, left rear,

watched as Lyndon B. Johnson took the presidential oath of office

aboard Air Force One at Love Field in Dallas, Tex., just two hours after John F. Kennedy was shot.

Jack Valenti, 85, Dies; Confidant of a President and Stars

NYT

27.4.2007
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/27/movies/27valenti.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/lj36.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/j/lyndon_baines_johnson/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/19/us/politics/19shriver.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/education/07sugarman.html

http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_325.html

http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/

http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/av.hom/photo_archives/intro.shtm

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/23/weekinreview/23baker.html?hpw

http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2009/08/23/weekinreview/23baker-ready-2.html

The states completed ratification of the 23rd Amendment,

which gave residents of the District of Columbia

the right to vote in presidential elections March 29, 1961

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/29/opinion/29masur.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment23/

Civil rights era

Kennedy dynasty

John Fitzgerald Kennedy 1917-1963

35th President of the United States 1961-1963

Cuban missile crisis 1962

Description: John F. Kennedy meeting with Willy Brandt

at the White House.

Source: This image is available from

the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs Division

under the digital ID cph.3c34151

Date: 1961 Mar. 13

Author: Marion S. Trikosko
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:John_F._Kennedy_meeting_with_Willy_Brandt%2C_March_13%2C_1961.jpg

http://100days.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/missile-gaps-and-other-broken-promises/

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/john_fitzgerald_kennedy/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/19/us/19dallas.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/18/usa

http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0,5860,1070564,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,1648432,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,804636,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,1127016,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,1338013,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,,1691806,00.html

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=14

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/pihtml/pi051.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov22.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep29.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/colc.html

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=26

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/kennedy_cuban_missile_01.shtml

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/start/keywords/jfkenned.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jk35.html

http://www.time.com/time/2003/jfk/

Patrice Lumumba,

the first legally elected prime minister

of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC),

was assassinated (...) on 17 January, 1961.

This heinous crime was a culmination

of two inter-related assassination plots

by American and Belgian governments,

which used Congolese accomplices

and a Belgian execution squad to carry out the deed.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/patrice-lumumba-50th-anniversary-assassination

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/17/opinion/17hochschild.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/patrice-lumumba-50th-anniversary-assassination

http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/lumumba-50th-anniversary-african-leaders-assassinations

The First Kennedy-Nixon Presidential Debate September 26, 1960

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/26/opinion/26sorensen.html

http://www.museum.tv/debateweb/html/greatdebate/92660transcript.htm

Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-1994) Vice Presidency 1953-1961

Vice. Pres. Richard Nixon.

Location: US

Date taken: September 1960

Photographer: Joseph Scherschel

Life Images

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/richardnixon

Cold war

Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890-1969

Thirty-Fourth President of the United States 1953-1961

Description: Senior American military officials of World War II.

Seated are (from left to right)

Gens. William H. Simpson, George S. Patton, Carl A. Spaatz, Dwight D. Eisenhower,

Omar Bradley, Courtney H. Hodges, and Leonard T. Gerow;

standing are (from left to right)

Gens. Ralph F. Stearley, Hoyt Vandenberg, Walter Bedell Smith, Otto P. Weyland, and Richard E. Nugent.

Original image caption: "This is the brass that did it. Seated are Simpson, Patton (as if you didn't know),

Spaatz, Ike himself, Bradley, Hodges and Gerow. Standing are Stearley, Vandenberg, Smith, Weyland and Nugent."

NARA FILE #: 208-YE-182 WAR & CONFLICT #: 751

Source: This image is available from the Archival Research Catalog of the National Archives and Records Administration

under the ARC Identifier 535983.

This version downloaded from
http://www.dodmedia.osd.mil/DVIC_View/Still_Details.cfm?SDAN=HDSN9902410&JPGPath=/Assets/1999/DoD/HD-SN-99-02410.JPG

Date: circa 1945

Author Army; part of the collection of the Office of War Information

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Mamie Eisenhower and Dwight D. Eisenhower

on the front steps of St. Louis Hall (St. Mary's University), San Antonio, Texas

1916

This image comes from the National Archives and Records Administration

Eisenhower Library File No. 77-18-15

Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Eisenhower_with_Mamie.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/eisenhower_dwight.shtml

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/26/newsid_2988000/2988148.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/5/newsid_3783000/3783245.stm

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/de34.html

http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/34_eisenhower/index.html

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/character/essays/eisenhower.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1953/jun/20/usa.fromthearchive

http://www.guardian.co.uk/leaders/story/0,3604,650374,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4049783,00.html

Nixon-Khrushchev "kitchen debate" 24 July 1959

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/24/opinion/24safire.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/24/newsid_2779000/2779551.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/july/24/newsid_3916000/3916851.stm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIJ1S9wAGbA

Joseph McCarthy 1908-1957

MCCARTHY, JOSEPH RAYMOND.

Photograph by United Press.

1954.

Library of Congress

Location: Biographical File

Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-71719
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/235_pom.html
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/235_intr.html

Daniel Fitzpatrick

St Louis Post-Dispatch

23rd February, 1947
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmccarthyism.htm

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/books/review/Oshinsky-t.html

http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/bios/31.html

http://www.bartleby.com/65/mc/McCarthyJR.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmccarthyism.htm

http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,3604,1658868,00.html

Iran Mohammad Mossadeq is overthrown in a coup

engineered by the British and American intelligence services August 1953

General Fazlollah Zahedi is proclaimed as prime minister and the Shah returns

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/806268.stm

U.S. and Saudi Arabia formalize security relationship 1951

Under a mutual defense agreement,

the U.S. established a permanent U.S. Military Training Mission in the kingdom

and agreed to provide training support in the use of weapons

and other security-related services to the Saudi armed forces.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

assisted in the construction of military installations in the kingdom.

This agreement formed the basis

of what grew into a longstanding security relationship.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/etc/cron.html

http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/satoc.html

U.S. Recognition of the State of Israel 1948

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/us-israel/

Henry Ford 1863-1947

Time Covers - The 40S

TIME cover 03-23-1942 ill. of Henry Ford.

Date taken: March 23, 1942

Photographer: Ernest Hamlin Baker

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=da2dc6ff40c2bf91

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0730.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul30.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btford.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/f/henry_ford/index.html

http://theater.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html?res=9E0CEFDC133FF930A15752C1A964958260

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F20712FC3D5A1B7A93C2A8178DD85F458285F9

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FA0912FB345910738DDDAE0994D9415B808EF1D3

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2993242.stm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford

Marshall plan 1947

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/marshall/

http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/featured_documents/marshall_plan/

http://www.archives.gov/research_room/alic/reference_desk/
military_resources/cold_war_and_marshall_plan.html

From 1946 to 1948,

American public health doctors

deliberately infected nearly 700 Guatemalans

— prison inmates, mental patients and soldiers —

with venereal diseases in what was meant

as an effort to test the effectiveness of penicillin.

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/02/health/research/02infect.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/health/14syphilis.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/02/health/research/02infect.html

Harry S. Truman 1884-1972

Thirty-third President of the United States 1945-1953

Description: President Harry S. Truman

is shown at his desk at the White House

signing a proclaimation declaring a national emergency.

Source:
http://www.dodmedia.osd.mil/Assets/Still/1999/DoD/HD-SN-99-03031.JPEG

Date: December 16, 1950

Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Truman_initiating_Korean_involvement.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/ht33.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/harry_s_truman/index.html?inline=nyt-per

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/16/us/16truman.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAtruman.htm

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/truman/

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan05.html

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=15

Saudi Arabia gains strategic importance during World War II

Although Saudi Arabia officially maintained

neutrality through most of the war,

the U.S. began to court the kingdom

as it realized the strategic importance of Saudi oil reserves.

In 1943,

President Franklin Roosevelt

made Saudi Arabia eligible for Lend-Lease assistance

by declaring the defense of Saudi Arabia of vital interest to the U.S.

In 1945,

King Abdel Aziz and President Roosevelt

cemented the tacit oil-for-security relationship

when they met aboard the USS Quincy in the Suez Canal.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/etc/cron.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FDR_on_quincy.jpg

http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/satoc.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sqPDdk5XCg

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907E6DD1F3BF93BA35751C0A9639C8B63&fta=y

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/820515.stm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia

World War Two / WW2

Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1882-1945

32nd President of the United States 1933-1945

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FDR_in_1933.jpg

TITLE: [Franklin Delano Roosevelt, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly left]

CALL NUMBER: PRES FILE - Roosevelt, Franklin Delano--Photos--Bust [P&P]
REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-117121 (b&w film copy neg. of detail)
LC-USZ62-26759 (b&w film copy neg.)
No known restrictions on publication.
MEDIUM: 1 photographic print.

CREATED/PUBLISHED: c1933 Dec 27.
CREATOR: Goldensky, Elias, 1868-1943, photographer.
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@1(cph+3c17121))

Presidential communications can be hit or miss.

Franklin D. Roosevelt used “fireside chats” in the Depression.

Marie Hansen-Life/Time Inc.

In Economic Drama, Bush Is Largely Offstage NYT 3.4.2008
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/03/washington/03bush.html?hp

Title : Roosevelt or reaction?
Wage earners - your vote is your answer
Date : 1936
Subjects : Democratic Party
: United States
: 1936
: General Election
: President
: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Folder : 1936 - Presidential Elections - Democratic Party

UCLA Online Campaign Literature Archive

http://digital.library.ucla.edu/campaign/librarian?VIEWPDF=1936_006_016_a
http://digital.library.ucla.edu/campaign/librarian?ITEMID=1936_006_016&SIZE=Medium
http://digital.library.ucla.edu/campaign/

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/28/books/review/Brinkley-t.html

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,855117,00.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USArooseveltF.htm

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/fr32.html

http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/fdr.html

http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/fdrbio.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan20.html

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/depwwii/depress/letter.html

http://www.mhric.org/fdr/fdr.html

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/character/essays/roosevelt.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/opinion/03smith.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/greatspeeches/roosevelt/0,,2060101,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,1457852,00.html

The Dust Bowl or the Dirty Thirties

A period of severe dust storms

causing major ecological and agricultural damage

to American and Canadian prairie lands

from 1930 to 1936 (in some areas until 1940)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl

English: Buried machinery in barn lot in Dallas, South Dakota, United States

during the Dust Bowl,

an agricultural, ecological, and economic disaster in the Great Plains region of North America in 1936

Date: 13 May 1936(1936-05-13)

Source: United States Department of Agriculture;

Image Number: 00di0971 (original link now dead)

Wikipedia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Dust_Bowl_-_Dallas%2C_South_Dakota_1936.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

Portrait of Dust Bowl farmer John Barnett and his family.

Location: OK, US

Date taken: 1942

Photographer: Alfred Eisenstaedt

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=65a23429ac4addd7

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/dustbowl/

America from the Great Depression to WW2

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsowhome.html

Harlem An African-American Community 1900-1940

http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/Harlem/

Hollywood Cartoons

American Animation in Its Golden Age

Walt Disney 1901-1966

Walt Disney

Brown Brothers NYT January 22, 2006

At Disney, a Dealmaker in the Grip of Technological Change

By LAURA M. HOLSON and JOHN MARKOFF NYT January 23, 2006
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/23/business/media/23iger.html

Walt Disney Productions, Jiminy Cricket,

1940.

Pencil with watercolor and ink. LC-DIG-ppmsca-03346

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/artwood/aw-animation.html

http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/waltdisney/index.html

https://www.oup-usa.org/isbn/0195167295.html

http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Animation#Animation_History:_United_States

Hollywood's Golden Age

http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/filmnotes/hollywood-golden.html

http://www.moderntimes.com/palace/golden1.htm

http://www.moderntimes.com/palace/golden.htm

http://arar.essortment.com/hollywoodgold_rfsl.htm

Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) 1937

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAhuac.htm

Crash of the Hindenburg passenger blimp May 6, 1937

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hindenburg_burning.jpg

from Wikipédia 2.9.2007
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=5

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V5KXgFLia4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGCTsqGWoUk

Saudi Arabia and Standard Oil sign concession agreement 1933

King Abdel Aziz granted a concession to the U.S. company, Standard Oil,

which allowed them to explore for oil in the country's Eastern Province.

The joint enterprise eventually became known

as the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco).

The company granted a loan of £50,000 to the Saudi government

and paid it other assorted rental fees and royalty payments.

In exchange, Aramco received exclusive rights

to mine, produce and export oil

from the eastern part of the country, free of Saudi taxes and duties.

In 1938,

efforts were rewarded

with the first discovery of commercial quantities of oil

at Dammam Well Number 7, located near Dhahran.

The agreement was modified several times over the years.

In 1950,

Saudi Arabia and Aramco

agreed to a 50-50 profit-sharing arrangement,

and a series of agreements between 1973 and 1980

resulted in the Saudis' regaining full control of the company.

In 1988,

King Fahd issued a royal decree

establishing the Saudi Arabian Oil Company,

known as Saudi Aramco, to replace Aramco.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/etc/cron.html

http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/satoc.html

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Great Depression > New Deal 1932

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/depwwii/newdeal/newdeal.html

http://www.mhric.org/fdr/fdr.html

The American dream 1931

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams
in his book The Epic of America which was written in 1931.

He states:
"The American Dream is
"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone,
with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.
It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately,
and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it.
It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely,
but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman
shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable,
and be recognized by others for what they are,
regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position."
(p.214-215)

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/97/dream/thedream.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/97/dream/

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/97/dream/resource.html

http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/spe/art/photo/hinex/empire/empire.html

Woodrow Wilson 1856-1924

Twenty-eighth President of the United States 1913-1921

Description: President of the United States Thomas Woodrow Wilson,

head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left.

Source: The Library od Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/catalog.html

Date: December 2, 1912

Author: Pach Brothers, New York

Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:President_Woodrow_Wilson_portrait_December_2_1912.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson

Source primaire
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec28.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/ww28.html

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1919/wilson-bio.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwilsonW.htm

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/wilson/

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec28.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun09.html

http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2010/10/10/hating-woodrow-wilson

William Howard Taft 1857-1930

Twenty-Seventh President of the United States 1909-1913

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:William_Howard_Taft.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft

Primary source
http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_chiefs/010.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/wt27.html

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/taft.htm

http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_chiefs/010.html

1929 Crash and The Great Depression

Herbert Hoover 1874-1964

Thirty-first President of the United States 1929-1933

[Herbert Hoover, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly right]

Underwood & Underwood, Washington.

CREATED/PUBLISHED [1928(?)]

REPRODUCTION NUMBER
LC-USZ62-24155 DLC (b&w film copy neg.)
LC-USZ61-296 DLC (b&w film copy neg.)
DIGITAL ID
(b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a25105
(b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a02089
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
http://memory.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3a20000/3a25000/3a25100/3a25105v.jpg
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/presp:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a02089))

"NEW YORK: Swamped under an avalanche of selling orders from every part of the country and from abroad
which had been accumulating over the week-end, the stock market today continued to sink,
though at a less rapid rate than Saturday. Before the tumble became a crash, however,
a rally in the final half-hour saved prices from closing on the lowest levels
and gave rise to hopes that the market had touched rock bottom.
The wild rush to sell put the ticker more than an hour
behind the actual transactions nearly all day,
and at the close it was still seventy-two minutes behind.
The late rally, however, brought prices back slightly,
and at the close most stocks showed two to five points
above their lowest levels in the course of the session."

International Herald Tribune, 1929
http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/10/21/opinion/OLD22.html

"NEW YORK: In a day replete with bankers' meetings, conferences of Stock Exchange officials,
meetings of brokers and publication of opinions from high and low in the world of finance, business and all else,
stock prices broke to new low levels in a volume of trading far in excess of anything hitherto seen.
In five hours' trading, 16,419,000 shares changed hands,
in comparison with 12,894,600 which made the previous record day last Thursday [Oct. 24].
Sales on the Curb market added another 7,096,300 shares to the day's total.
Today [Oct. 29] came the first failure of the present reaction.
It was insignificant compared with the failures during the panics of the past,
but it was seized upon by a hysterical public as an occasion for fresh worry.
The failure was that of the firm of John J. Bell and Company, members of the Curb Exchange,
whose officials announced its suspension through the inability to meet its engagements.
Its obligations, it was said, were small.
Today's transactions broke all records, even those established in Thursday's collapse.
The first three and a half hours saw 12,652,000 shares change hands,
or within 250,000 of the record for a full five-hour session,
established during Thursday's debacle."

International Herald Tribune 1929
http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/10/29/opinion/old30.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/herberthoover

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/start/inres/ushist/depressi.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul08.html

http://www.pbs.org/fmc/timeline/estockmktcrash.htm

http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Crash14.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/hh31.html

http://www.hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/Hooverstory/gallery06/gallery06.html

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=11

Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco's execution 23 August 1927

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAsacco.htm

http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9517/sacco.html

http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9901/millay.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/23/opinion/23camillieri.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/17/books/how-innocent-were-they.html

http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C0DE2D91338EF34BC4F53DFB667838A669EDE

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0823.html

Great Mississippi Flood 1927

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mississippi_Flood_of_1927

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/flood/

http://www.uvm.edu/perkins/landscape/1927_flood/flood.htm

http://www.yorku.ca/twainweb/reviews/barry-01.html

http://college.hmco.com/english/lauter/heath/4e
/students/author_pages/modern/faulkner_wi.html

http://www.nola.com/weblogs/print.ssf?
/mtlogs/nola_tporleans/archives/print081774.html

National Origins Act / The Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act)

Japanese immigration to America is banned 1924

http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/id/87718.htm

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/immigration_chron.cfm

John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. 1872-1933

Thirtieth President of the United States 1923-1929

John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. 1872-1933
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Calvin_Coolidge_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/cc30.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug03.html

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/coolidge.htm

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/coolhtml/coolhome.html

Prosperity and Thrift:

The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy 1921-1929

American Variety 1920's

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/coolhtml/coolhome.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/

American Indians gain the vote under a law passed by Congress 1924

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_13.html

Women win the right to vote 19th amendment to the Constitution 1920

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote

shall not be denied or abridged by the United States

or by any state on account of sex."

Women's suffrage Jane Addams (1860-1935) and Hull House

Mrs. Suffern with a home-made banner in the parade 1914

Digital ID: cph 3c35533 Source: digital file from b&w film copy neg.
Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-135533 (b&w film copy neg.)
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?ils:3:./temp/~pp_gDAQ::displayType=1:m856sd=cph:m856sf=3c35533:@@@

TITLE: Mrs. Suffern with a home-made banner in the parade
REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-135533 (b&w film copy neg.)
SUMMARY: Photograph shows Mrs. Suffern wearing a sash and carrying a sign that says "Help us to win the vote,"
surrounded by a crowd of men and boys.
MEDIUM: 1 photographic print.
CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1914.
Bain News Service photograph.
Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
DIGITAL ID: (digital file from b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c35533 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c35533
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?ils:3:./temp/~pp_gDAQ::
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pp/ggbainhtml/ggbainSubjects20.html
TIFF > JPEG: Anglonautes.

http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/featured_documents/amendment_19/

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_13.html

http://www2.worldbook.com/features/whm/html/whm012.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep06.html

http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/featured_documents/amendment_19/

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pp/ggbainhtml/ggbainSubjects20.html

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F04EEDF1231E233A25754C2A9669D946096D6CF

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A05E3DF1239E733A25751C2A9669D946897D6CF

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/amendment_19/

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=old&doc=63

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/amendment_19/

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/woman-suffrage/

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/woman-suffrage/script-intro.html

http://topics.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxix

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun04.html

Presidential Election 1920

First commercial radio broadcast coverage of election returns

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/nfhtml/nfexpe.html

Prohibition

Congress passes the Volstead Act

providing for enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution,

ratified nine months earlier.

Known as the Prohibition Amendment, it prohibits

the "manufacture, sale,

or transportation of intoxicating liquors" in the United States 1919

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct28.html

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/start/keywords/prohibit.html

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/volstead-act/

http://www.historicaldocuments.com/VolsteadAct.htm

Lt. Col. Dwight D. Eisenhower Transcontinental Motor Convoy 1919

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=24

Influenza epidemic 1918

Letter carrier in New York wearing mask for protection against influenza.

New York City,

October 16, 1918.

NARA
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/records-list.html
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/influenza/

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWinfluenzia.htm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3455873.stm

The 1917 Immigration Act

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAE1917A.htm

WWI / World War One

Early 20th century

Histoire > Etats-Unis d'Amérique > XVIIIe et XIXe siècles

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