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History > 20th century > Cold War / Холо́дная война́    late 1940s-1980s

USA, USSR, Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua, Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Korea, Vietnam

 

 

 

Peter Fechter

is held by East German border guards,

prior to being pronounced dead Aug. 17, 1962.

Fechter was shot by East German guards as he tried to make it over the wall.

 

Boston Globe > Big Picture > Remembering the Berlin Wall        August 17, 2011
http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/08/remembering_the_divide.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Germany        Remembering the Berlin Wall        Photographs        August 17, 2011

 

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/08/remembering_the_divide.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Germany        Berlin wall        20 years later        2009

 

Berlin wall 20 years on: In the first of five films,

Berliners describe how their city was divided by the wall

and how a few risked their lives to escape from east to west

 

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/gallery/2009/oct/20/berlinwall-germany

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/09/berlin-wall-anniversary-celebrations

http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/interactive/2009/oct/23/berlin-wall-history-guide

http://www.guardian.co.uk/berlin-wall-20-years-on

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2009/oct/19/building-berlin-wall

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2009/oct/20/berlin-wall-episode-2

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/berlinwall

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/b/berlin_wall/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/09/world/europe/09berlin.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/09/opinion/09zizek.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boris Nikolyaevich Yeltsin / Борис Николаевич Ельцин        1931-2007

 

 

 

 

Russia

Soviet politician Boris Yeltsin in office w. pic of Lenin on wall.

Location: Moscow, Russia

Date taken: February 1989

 

Photographer: Ted Thai

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=e9c5ba040ce68c88

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/y/boris_n_yeltsin/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/23/world/europe/23iht-yeltsin.5.5408683.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/23/world/europe/23cnd-yeltsin.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/apr/23/russia.guardianobituaries

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/38422.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Barry Morris Goldwater        1909-1998


 

 

 

Senator Barry Goldwater

Date taken: 1961

 

Photographer: Joe Scherschel

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=7770e9aca113bd40

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/g/barry_m_goldwater/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/30/us/barry-goldwater-is-dead-at-89-conservatives-standardbearer.html

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/may98/goldwater30.htm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US and Russia halve nuclear warheads        3 January 1993

 

The United States of America and the Russian Federation

agree to cut the number of nuclear warheads they have

by between 3,000 and 3,500.

 

US President George Bush, who leaves office this month,

and his Russian counterpart Boris Yeltsin,

sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty - Start II - in Moscow.
 

 

Currently each side has about 10,000 warheads

and Start II marks the biggest reduction ever agreed.
 

 

In addition, sea-based weapons will be cut to 1,750 each

and all land-based multiple-warhead missiles will be eliminated.

Mr Bush said the treaty offers

"for parents and children, a future free from fear",

and Mr Yeltsin called it "a treaty of hope".

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/3/newsid_4114000/4114673.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/3/newsid_4114000/4114673.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Soviet troops start to leave Poland        1992

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gorbachev resigns as Soviet Union breaks up        25 December 1991

 

Mikhail Gorbachev,

leader of the Soviet Union for almost seven years

and executive president for nearly two,

steps down from office.

He announces his resignation in a 10 minute speech,

broadcast live on television, as the Soviet Union passes into history,

replaced by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/25/newsid_2542000/2542749.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/25/newsid_2542000/2542749.stm

http://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/world/soviet-crisis-gorbachev-ousted-apparent-coup-soviet-armed-forces-hard-liners.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/25/world/europe/25yanayev.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/g/mikhail_s_gorbachev/index.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1991 coup attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev - in pictures

The failed coup against the former Soviet president

precipitated the dissolution of the USSR in December of the same year

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/gallery/2011/aug/16/russia?intcmp=122
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Walesa elected president of Poland        1990

Market reforms, including large-scale privatisation, are launched.

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Romania's 'first couple' executed        25 December 1989

 

Deposed Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena

are shot by a firing squad after a secret military tribunal

find them both guilty of crimes against the state.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/25/newsid_2542000/2542623.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/25/newsid_2542000/2542623.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov / Андре́й Дми́триевич Са́харов        1921-1989

 

Andrei Sakharov was one of Russia's top nuclear physicists.

(...)

In 1979,

when the Soviet Union intervened in the civil war in Afghanistan,

Sakharov spoke out strongly against this action.

 

In January, 1980,

he was arrested on the street,

informed that by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet

he had been deprived of the title of Hero of Socialist Labour

and all other awards and honours,

and was put on a special flight to exile in Gorky (now called Nizhni Novgorod),

a city which at that time was closed to foreigners.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A715600

 

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A715600

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0521.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jun/19/yelena-bonner-russian-activist-dies

http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2011/06/19/us/AP-US-Obit-Bonner.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berliners celebrate the fall of the Wall        9 November 1989

 

The 28-mile (45 km) barrier dividing Germany's capital

was built in 1961 to prevent East Berliners fleeing to the West.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/november/9/newsid_3241000/3241641.stm

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2009/11/06/world/08berlinwallgrfxB-ready.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/09/world/europe/09iht-wall.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/11/09/world/europe/20091109-berlinwallthennow.html

http://video.nytimes.com/video/2009/11/02/opinion/1247465491747/the-man-who-opened-the-gate.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/11/09/world/europe/20091109-berlin-wall-reader-photos.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/9/newsid_2515000/2515869.stm

http://www.guardian.co.uk/wall/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1URzkk-oa28

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-181898405138602708

http://www.dieberlinermauer.de/berlinwallhome1024/berlinwallhome1024.html

http://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/events/german-reunification/exhibit.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/12/weekinreview/beyond-the-wall-not-just-one-german-question-but-many.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/12/world/clamor-east-reunion-west-berlin-for-all-east-west-day-like-no-other.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/11/world/clamor-east-border-open-joyous-east-germans-pour-through-wall-party-pledges.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/10/world/clamor-east-east-germany-opens-frontier-west-for-migration-travel-thousands.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/november/9/newsid_3241000/3241641.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom        Harold Adrian Russell Philby / Kim Philby        1912-1988

 

Double agent whose betrayal of his country and his social class

indelibly marked British politics.

(...)

Mr. Philby fled to the Soviet Union in 1963,

when his involvement in a Soviet spy ring

was about to be revealed.

 

Twelve years earlier, in 1951,

Mr. Philby's warning had allowed two fellow spies,

Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean,

to flee to Moscow just before British counterintelligence

was to interrogate them.

http://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/12/obituaries/kim-philby-double-agent-dies.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/12/obituaries/kim-philby-double-agent-dies.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Pershing-II and SS-20 nuclear missiles

are banned by the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty,

signed by the United States and the Soviet Union

in December 1987.

 

The INF Treaty is a milestone in the effort to control nuclear arms.

It is the first international agreement to eliminate an entire class of nuclear weapons

--those having a range of 500-5,500 kilometers (300-3,400 miles).

The U.S. Pershing-II and the Soviet SS-20

were regarded as the most threatening missiles in this class.

http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal100/inf.html

 

 

http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal100/inf.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/22/newsid_2489000/2489209.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

President Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) visits Berlin

and urges Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the wall        June 12 1987

 

 

 

 

Reagan's Berlin address.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjWDrTXMgF8&feature=related
added 30 September 2010.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjWDrTXMgF8

http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/061287d.htm

http://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/13/world/raze-berlin-wall-reagan-urges-soviet.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/gall/0,,1233194,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reykjavik summit ends in failure        12 October 1986

 

US President Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev

failed to reach agreement at a disarmament summit in Reykjavik.

The two men came close to striking a radical arms reduction deal

after a weekend of lengthy negotiations at Hofdi House in the Icelandic capital.

But the talks finally stalled over President Reagan's refusal

to abandon his Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI).

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3732000/3732902.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3732000/3732902.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nicaragua / USA        US guilty of backing Contras        27 June 1986

 

The United States is found guilty of violating international law

by supporting armed Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

The International Court of Justice

rules that the US should compensate the country,

although it has not yet fixed an amount.

But the Reagan administration boycots the case

and says it will ignore the verdict of the United Nations court.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/27/newsid_2520000/2520169.stm

 

 

 

 

 

Time Covers -The 80S

TIME cover 03-31-1986 ill. of Daniel Ortega.

Date taken: March 31, 1986

 

Photographer: Paul Davis

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=24fd9fc131a0d4f2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/27/newsid_2520000/2520169.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Soviets admit nuclear accident

at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine        28 April 1986

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/28/newsid_2500000/2500975.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA / USSR        Superpowers aim for 'safer world'        21 November 1985

 

The Geneva summit ends in optimism

but with no agreement on the "Star Wars" space defence system.

 

Both United States President Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev

spoke of the world being a "safer place"

at the end of their two-day meeting in Switzerland.

 

The two men broke with convention

and met together without advisers in discussions

President Reagan dubbed the "fireside summit".

 

The negotiations resulted in the Geneva Accord,

which commits the two countries to:

- speeding up arms talks

- working towards the abolition of chemical weapons

- a new commitment to human rights

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/21/newsid_2549000/2549897.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/21/newsid_2549000/2549897.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev

becomes Soviet leader        11 March 1985

 

Mikhail Gorbachev takes over following the death of Konstantin Chernenko.

 



 

 

Time Covers -The 80S

TIME cover 07-27-1987 painting of Russian leader Mikhail Gorbachev;

inset John Poindexter by Dennis Brack.

Date taken: July 27, 1987

 

Photographer: Skip Liepke

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=6ba163a2e638c22c

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/11/newsid_2538000/2538327.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nicaragua        Sandinistas claim election victory        5 November 1984

 

Nicaragua's ruling Sandinista Front (FSLN)

claim a decisive victory in the country's first elections

since the revolution five years ago.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/5/newsid_2538000/2538379.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/5/newsid_2538000/2538379.stm

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/02/world/americas/tomas-borge-martinez-dies-at-81.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Reagan (1981-1989) launches Cold War into space        23 March 1983

 

President Reagan unveils plans to combat nuclear war in space.

The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) proposes a defensive shield,

using laser or particle beam technology

to "intercept and destroy" incoming missiles

as they travel through the stars.

 

Defense analysts described it

as the first major attempt to move away

from the 30 year-old Cold War strategy

of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

- where the threat of nuclear attack acts as a deterrent.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/23/newsid_2794000/2794525.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/23/newsid_2794000/2794525.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Martial law lifted        1983

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA            President Ronald Wilson Reagan (1981-1989) takes office        January 20, 1981
 

 

 

 

[ Anglonautes: Nancy Reagan (M) with husband Ronald Reagan (R) ]

Anti-Communist Rally In Hollywood Bowl

Date taken: 1961

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=7b5686ccbceff66b 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/ronaldreagan

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/reagan_ronald_w.shtml

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/r/ronald_wilson_reagan/index.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/ronald-reagan

http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2004/jun/07/guardianobituaries.past

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E0DA1131F935A35755C0A9629C8B63

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2010/oct/21/british-pathe-archive-ronald-reagan-video

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Martial law imposed        1981

 

Many of Solidarity's leaders, including Walesa, are imprisoned.

Wojciech Jaruzelski - Poland's last communist leader

 

 

 

 

Time Covers -The 80S

TIME Cover: 12-28-1981 of Polish General Jaruzelski.

Photo Credit: Rudi Frey.

Date taken: December 28, 1981

 

Photographer: Rudi Frey

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=c08fb2c5ff02986e

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1332541.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Disturbances at the shipyard in Gdansk

lead to the emergence of the Solidarity trade union under Lech Walesa        1980

 

 

 

 

Time Covers -The 80S

TIME cover 12-29-1980 ill of Poland's Solidarity leader, Lech Walesa.

Date taken: December 29, 1980

 

Photographer: Leslie Cabarga

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=03b4be40a62056b5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yugoslavia        Marshal Josip Broz Tito         1892-1980

 

For 35 years, Josip Broz Tito held Yugoslavia together

despite its mix of nationalities, languages and religions.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8636034.stm

 

 

 

 

Tito

Date taken: 1960

 

Photographer: Robert W Kelley

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=c6c0dc1407e211d9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8636034.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16/newsid_2808000/2808379.stm 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_01.shtml

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/josip_broz_tito/index.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Afghanistan        Afghan leader defends Soviet invasion        3 January 1980

 

President Carter

announces further US sanctions against the USSR

including a reduction of Soviet embassy staff

and restricted landing rights for the Russian airline 'Aeroflot'.

 

Mr Carter also imposes an embargo on grain sales to the USSR

that will see US exports fall from 25 million to eight million tonnes.

 

The President described the Soviet incursions into Afghanistan as

"an extremely serious threat to peace"

and "a callous violation of international law

and the United Nations charter."

 

He warned that

"A Soviet occupied Afghanistan threatens both Iran and Pakistan

and is a stepping stone to possible control over much of the world's oil supplies."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/3/newsid_2492000/2492329.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/3/newsid_2492000/2492329.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nicaragua        Sandinista rebels take Nicaraguan capital        17 July 1979
 

Fighters of the left-wing Sandinista National Liberation Front

overthrow the regime in the central American republic of Nicaragua

and take the capital, Managua.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/17/newsid_3870000/3870281.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/17/newsid_3870000/3870281.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II (SALT II)        1972-1979

 

The second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,

which opened in November 1972,

aimed to replace the five-year Interim Agreement

with a more comprehensive long-term treaty

to limit the number and types of nuclear missiles.

 

The two sides remained far apart in the negotiations

until a summit between American President Gerald Ford

and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev

in 1974 in Vladivostok

during which the parties reached a basic framework for an agreement.

 

But, despite the framework, negotiations bogged down

over the limitations on American cruise missiles

and the Soviet "Backfire"-class bombers.

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/military/proliferation/treaties.html

 

 

President Ford

and Soviet General Secretary Leonid I. Brezhnev / Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев​

sign a joint communiqué following talks on the limitation of strategic offensive arms.

 

The document was signed in the conference hall

of the Okeansky Sanatorium, Vladivostok, USSR.        November 24, 1974

http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/images/avproj/pop-ups/A2092-03A.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

Image: A2092-03A

Event: Summit meeting

Location: Vladivostok, USSR

Description: President Ford (L) and Soviet General Secretary Leonid I. Brezhnev (R)

sign a joint communiqué following talks on the limitation of strategic offensive arms.

The document was signed in the conference hall of the Okeansky Sanatorium, Vladivostok, USSR.

Date: November 24, 1974

 

Credit: Courtesy Gerald R. Ford Library

Photographer: David Hume Kennerly

http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/images/avproj/pop-ups/A2092-03A.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/military/proliferation/treaties.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Russian author charged with treason        14 February 1974

 

The Soviet authorities formally charge

Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008)

with treason one day after expelling him from the country.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/newsid_2541000/2541129.stm

 

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 70S

TIME cover 02-25-1974 Soviet dissident writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn.

Date taken: February 25, 1974

 

Photographer: Chris Bennett

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=4d18d90de350ac22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/newsid_2541000/2541129.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2276650.stm

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/04/books/04solzhenitsyn.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/s/aleksandr_solzhenitsyn/index.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chile        General Augusto Pinochet ousts Salvador Allende (1908-1973)

in CIA-sponsored coup and proceeds

to establish a brutal dictatorship        11 September 1973

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1222905.stm

 

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 70S

Time cover 09-24-1973 of deposed President of Chile Salvador Allende.

Date taken: September 24, 1973

 

Photographer: Carl Roodman

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=df2431bd40a46d63

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1222905.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A716591

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/chile.shtml

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/sep/10/chile.jonathanfranklin

http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,,305870,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1973/sep/12/chile.fromthearchive1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland enjoys relative economic prosperity based on foreign loans        1970s

 

Successive US presidents Nixon, Ford and Carter visit Poland.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Food price riots in Gdansk        1970

 

The protests are suppressed, hundreds are killed.

Edward Gierek becomes party leader.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chile        Salvador Allende (1908-1973)

becomes world's first democratically elected Marxist president

and embarks on an extensive programme

of nationalisation and radical social reform        1970

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1222905.stm

 

 

 

 

Time cover: 10-19-1970 of Salvador Allende, cover art by Bob Peak.

(Dupe filed with TC 191741E - #712347)

Date taken: August 18, 2003

 

Photographer: Bob Peak

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=4ade47e93698899d

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

President Allende Of Chile - Santiago Chile

 

Photographer: Michael Mauney

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=cb7f3a4cdaa26b9b

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1222905.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Man takes first steps on the Moon        20 July 1969

American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to walk on the Moon

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/21/newsid_2635000/2635845.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/21/newsid_2635000/2635845.stm

Anglonautes > USA > 20th century > Man on the moon (20 July 1969)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        First astronauts orbit Moon        24 December 1968

 

The Apollo 8 spacecraft takes its crew of three astronauts

safely into orbit around the Moon,

the first manned space mission to achieve the feat.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/24/newsid_4083000/4083587.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/24/newsid_4083000/4083587.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Czechoslovakia        Prague

 

Soviet tanks crush

Prague's nascent 'socialism with a human face'        21 August 1968

 


 

 

Prague

Lone car passing dozens of Russian tanks

during Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia during "Prague Spring."

Location: Prague, Czech Republic

Date taken: 1968

 

Photographer: Bill Ray

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=b34a4220a75a5564

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/17/1968theyearofrevolt.russia

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/21/newsid_2781000/2781867.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1844842.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/czechoslovakia1968rev1.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Three astronauts die in Apollo 1 tragedy        27 June 1967

 

Three American astronauts die

after fire swept through the Apollo spacecraft

designed for a manned flight to the Moon

during rehearsals at Cape Kennedy.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/27/newsid_3392000/3392419.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/27/newsid_3392000/3392419.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stalin's daughter defects to the West        9 March 1967

 

The daughter of the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin

requests political asylum at the United States Embassy in India.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/9/newsid_2801000/2801709.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/9/newsid_2801000/2801709.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Millions watch space probe crash into Moon        24 March 1965

 

A ground-breaking 15-minute live broadcast shows ordinary Americans

what it feels like to be a space probe hurtling to destruction on the Moon.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/24/newsid_4063000/4063187.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/24/newsid_4063000/4063187.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917 - November 22,1963)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

West Germany        John Kennedy's "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech        West Berlin, 26 June 1963

 


 

 

Kennedy Visit To Germany

[ Standing in car from L to R: John F. Kennedy and Konrad Adenauer - 1963 ]

 

Photographer: John Dominis

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=12b742b80597679

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3022166.stm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjHcNhcahv4&feature=related

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Konrad Adenauer        1876-1967

 

Adenauer was West Germany's first chancellor

and a key figure in rebuilding the country after World War Two.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/adenauer_konrad.shtml

 

 

 

 

Kennedy Visit To Germany

[ Konrad Adenauer - 1963 ]

 

Photographer: John Dominis

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=12b742b80597679

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3022166.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Soviets launch first woman into space        16 June 1963

 

A former textile worker from the Soviet Union

becomes the first woman in space.

Lieutenant Valentina Tereshkova, 26,

is the fifth Russian cosmonaut to go into the Earth's orbit

when her spaceship Vostok VI is launched at 1230 Moscow time.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_2685000/2685283.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_2685000/2685283.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vietnam War

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The United States and the Soviet Union exchange prisoners        1962

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,1144836,00.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/10/newsid_2731000/2731827.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        'Music of spheres' hails Venus fly-by        14 December 1962

 

The unmanned US spacecraft, Mariner 2,

takes the first-ever scan from space of the planet Venus

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/14/newsid_4061000/4061955.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/14/newsid_4061000/4061955.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States / Cuba > Missile Crisis        October 1962

 

George Whelan Anderson, Jr.        1906-1992

 

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 60S

TIME cover 11-02-1962 of US Navy Admiral George Anderson.

Date taken: November 02, 1962

 

Photographer: Boris Chaliapin

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=448fade3c0eafbb9

 

Related > NYT obituary
http://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/22/us/adm-george-w-anderson-85-was-in-charge-of-cuba-blockade.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/16/opinion/the-eyeball-to-eyeball-myth-and-the-cuban-missile-crisiss-legacy.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/oct/15/cuban-missile-crisis-russian-roulette

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2012/oct/14/cuban-missile-crisis-exhibition-kennedy-recordings-video

http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2012/oct/14/cuban-missile-crisis-50-archive-1962

http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN1922589220080219

http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/cuban-missile-crisis.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/04/cuba_looks_back_-_and_forward.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2002/oct/14/netnotes.cuba

http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/brugioni.html

http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/10/19/home/missile.html

http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/10/19/home/crisis-review.html

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1022.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/22/us/adm-george-w-anderson-85-was-in-charge-of-cuba-blockade.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        First US rocket lands on Moon        26 April 1962

 

The American Moon rocket Ranger IV lands on the far side of the moon

but fails to send back pictures due to a technical fault.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/26/newsid_2950000/2950011.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/26/newsid_2950000/2950011.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        US spaceman orbits Earth        20 February 1962

 

The first American to orbit the Earth

lands safely in the Atlantic Ocean.

Marine Lieutenant John Glenn, 40,

travelled about 81,000 miles (more than 130,000km)

as he circled the globe three times at more than 17,000 mph (27,000kph)

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/20/newsid_2552000/2552161.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/20/newsid_2552000/2552161.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Russia frees US spy plane pilot        10 February 1962

 

American spy plane pilot Francis Gary Powers

is freed from prison in the Soviet Union

in exchange for a Russian spy jailed in the US.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/10/newsid_2731000/2731827.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/10/newsid_2731000/2731827.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States / Cuba

U.S. imposes full economic embargo        February 7, 1962

 

http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN1922589220080219

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA / Cuba        Bay of Pigs Invasion        Missile crisis        1961-1962

 

Castro directs troops

in defeat of invasion attempt

by U.S.-backed Cuban exiles at Bay of Pigs        April 19, 1961

http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN1922589220080219

 

 

 

 

(L-R) Pres. Kennedy talking w. former Pres. Eisenhower

re: Cuban Missile Crisis; at Camp David.

Location: Camp David, MD, US

Date taken: April 1961

 

Photographer: Ed Clark

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=2bbfbd69e03b946a

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4925262.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/17/newsid_3394000/3394067.stm

http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/cuban-missile-crisis.html

http://www.foia.cia.gov/bay_of_pigs.asp

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDbayofpigs.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDcubanmissile.htm

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/forrel/cuba/cubamenu.htm

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/colc.html

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1962-cuba-un1.html

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/10/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

World condemns Russia's nuclear test        30 October 1961

 

Russia explodes the world's largest ever nuclear device

provoking widespread condemnation from around the world.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/30/newsid_3666000/3666785.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/30/newsid_3666000/3666785.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For 16 hours from the 27 to 28 October 1961,

US and Soviet tanks faced each other in divided Berlin

and the two superpowers came closer to kicking off a third world war

than in any other cold-war confrontation,

bar the Cuban missile crisis a year later.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/24/berlin-crisis-standoff-checkpoint-charlie

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/19/us/steuart-pittman-head-of-fallout-shelter-program-dies-at-93.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/24/berlin-crisis-standoff-checkpoint-charlie

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berliners wake to divided city        Berlin wall        13 August 1961

 

The border between East and West Berlin is closed.

Soldiers start to build the wall.

What starts as barbed wire and light fencing builds up over the years

into a complex series of wall, fortified fences,

gun positions and watchtowers heavily guarded and patrolled.

 

More than 200 people die

in the years that followed trying to cross the wall.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1484769.stm

 


 

 

 

Time Covers - The 60S

TIME cover 08-31-1962 The Berlin Wall.

Date taken: August 31, 1962

 

Photographer: Boris Artzybasheff

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berlin Wall

Young girl gazing pensively through the pane of her apartment window

which grimly reflects the image of barbed wire fencing that tops the nearby Berlin wall.

Location: West Berlin, Germany

Date taken: December 1962

 

Photographer: Paul Schutzer

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berlin Wall

Young boy & girl playing soccer next to the Berlin wall.

Location: West Berlin, Germany

Date taken: December 1962

 

Photographer: Paul Schutzer

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

West Berlin citizens crowding against nascent Berlin Wall

while lone guared ignores them

on the other side of the barrier in the Russian controlled sector of the city.

Location: Berlin, Germany

Date taken: 1961

 

Photographer: Paul Schutzer

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/13/newsid_3054000/3054060.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1484769.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/berlinwall/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/highlights/010815_berlinwall.shtml

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/16/escape-from-east-berlin

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/oct/27/berlin-wall-short-history

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/berlinwall

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Street barricade on street leading into the Soviet zone.

Location: West Berlin, Germany

Date taken: May 1952

 

Photographer: Carl Mydans

Life Images
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Russian cosmonaut spends day in space        6 August 1961

 

The USSR launches its second cosmonaut into space

just four months after Yuri Gagarin made his historic venture

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/6/newsid_2944000/2944638.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/6/newsid_2944000/2944638.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Kennedy pledges man on Moon        25 May 1961

 

President John F Kennedy calls for millions of dollars

to fund a space programme to get the first man on the Moon by 1970

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/25/newsid_4369000/4369187.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/25/newsid_4369000/4369187.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shepard becomes first US astronaut        5 May 1961

 

Commander Alan Shepard is recovered from his space capsule

in the Atlantic after becoming the first American in space

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/5/newsid_2504000/2504317.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/5/newsid_2504000/2504317.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Soviets win space race        12 April 1961

 

The Soviet Union beats the USA

in the race to get the first man into space

At just after 0700BST,

Major Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin

is fired from the Baikonur launch pad

in Kazakhstan, Soviet central Asia,

in the space craft Vostok (East).
 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/12/newsid_2477000/2477715.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/12/newsid_2477000/2477715.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. breaks diplomatic ties with Havana        January 3, 1961

 

http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN1922589220080219

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berlin        1961

 

Kennedy, Khrushchev and the most dangerous place on Earth

 

 

http://www.reuters.com/video/2011/05/13/berlin-1961-kennedy-khrushchev-and-the-m?videoId=210782253

http://blogs.reuters.com/berlin1961/2011/05/05/reliving-the-cold-wars-tensest-moment/

http://blogs.reuters.com/berlin1961/2011/05/18/a-bumper-crop-of-soviet-humor/

http://blogs.reuters.com/berlin1961/2011/05/19/acheson-fills-a-kennedy-power-vacuum/

http://blogs.reuters.com/berlin1961/2011/05/16/the-snubbed-soviet-strikes-back/

http://blogs.reuters.com/berlin1961/2011/05/05/the-characters-who-clashed-in-berlin-1961/

http://blogs.reuters.com/berlin1961/2011/05/06/how-misreading-khrushchev-led-to-confrontation/

http://blogs.reuters.com/berlin1961/2011/05/08/the-legacy-of-soviet-rape-in-germany/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

UN        Khrushchev anger erupts at UN        29 September 1960

 

The Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

disrupts a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly

with several angry outbursts

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/29/newsid_3087000/3087171.stm

 

 

 

 

Anti-communist pickets

during the UN General Assembly meeting

being attended by Soviet Prime Minister Nikita S. Khrushchev.

Location: New York, NY, US

Date taken: September 1960

 

Photographer: Al Fenn

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=ac58e4480ac64f40

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anti-communist pickets

during the UN General Assembly meeting

being attended by Soviet Prime Minister Nikita S. Khrushchev.

Location: New York, NY, US

Date taken: September 1960

 

Photographer: Al Fenn

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=ca33146de7a00c7b

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anti-communist poster and pickets

during United Nation General Assembly meeting.

Location: New York, NY, US

Date taken: September 1960

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=7d393e2c5f13121a

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/29/newsid_3087000/3087171.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moscow jails American U-2 spy pilot        19 August 1960

 

The United States pilot, Francis Gary Powers,

is sentenced to 10 years in prison by a Soviet military court

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/19/newsid_2962000/2962600.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/19/newsid_2962000/2962600.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/world/2001/military_fact_files/support_u2s.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The U2 Incident

 

An American U-2 spy plane

is shot down over the Soviet Union        May 1, 1960

 

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/34_eisenhower/psources/ps_u2.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/brugioni.html

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4653988

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0210.html

http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/03/21/business/0321-PLANE_3.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Cold war        Anti-Communism rallies        1960s


 

 

 

Anti-Communist Rally In Hollywood Bowl

Date taken: 1961

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=a9923d9a06ec2d13

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An anti-Communism rally.

Location: Miami, FL, US

Date taken: March 1961

 

Photographer: Michael Rougier

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=f9f9e51ee748101f

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1959 American exhibition in Moscow

 

Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev        US Vice-President Richard Nixon        Kitchen debate        24 July 1959


 

 

 

Nixon/Khrushchev Kitchen Debate

Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev (2L) vehemently arguing

w. VP Richard Nixon (2R) who is furiously objecting

as an excited interpreter (C) translates their firey words re US ideas on home construction

during "kitchen debate" at American Natl. Exhibit at Moscow Fair

Location: Russia

Date taken: July 25, 1959

 

Photographer: Howard Sochurek

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=ff81b75fe9158c84

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/24/newsid_2779000/2779551.stm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3G5I9h6CFaM

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=101430375

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/23/opinion/23thu4.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Soviet Union        Nikita Khrushchev / Никита Сергеевич Хрущёв        1894-1971

 


 

 

 

Time Covers - The 60S

TIME cover 09-08-1961

Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev by Carl Mydans; fireball by J. R. Eyerman.

Date taken: September 08, 1961

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/khrushchev_nikita.shtml

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/k/nikita_s_khrushchev/index.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/greatspeeches/khrushchev/0,,2060103,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Foster Dulles        1888-1959

U.S. Secretary of State

under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959

 

 

 

 

John Foster Dulles

Date taken: April 04, 1950

 

Photographer: Alfred Eisenstaedt

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=0face65e0cb87433

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0225.html

http://www.ina.fr/video/AFE85008266/monsieur-herter-succede-a-foster-dulles-et-recoit-fidel-castro.fr.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/29/newsid_2514000/2514607.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/2/newsid_3760000/3760378.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        World glimpses far side of the Moon        26 October 1959

 

 

The Soviet Union has revealed the first pictures of the far side of the Moon.

The pictures were taken about three weeks ago from Lunik 3,

the Soviet satellite launched on 4 October,

and transmitted by radio to the Earth,

300,000 miles (483,000 km) away.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/26/newsid_4045000/4045913.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/26/newsid_4045000/4045913.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Soviets launch rocket at the Moon        12 September 1959

 

A massive Russian rocket,

carrying 860lb (391kg) of scientific instruments,

is successfully launched at the Moon.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/12/newsid_3054000/3054080.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/12/newsid_3054000/3054080.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Monkeys survive space mission        28 May 1959

 

Two monkeys become the first living creatures to survive a space flight

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/28/newsid_3725000/3725961.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/28/newsid_3725000/3725961.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Monkey lost after space flight        13 December 1958

 

The search for a small bushy-tailed monkey fired into space

in the nose cone of a Jupiter rocket is called off.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/13/newsid_3240000/3240133.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/13/newsid_3240000/3240133.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        anti-Communist witch hunts        Joseph R. McCarthy        1908-1957

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Russians launch dog into space        3 November 1957

 

The Soviet Union launches the first ever living creature into the cosmos

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/3/newsid_3191000/3191083.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/3/newsid_3191000/3191083.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Sputnik satellite blasts into space        4 October 1957

 

A Russian satellite is launched into space

- the first man-made object ever to leave the Earth's atmosphere

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/4/newsid_2685000/2685115.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/4/newsid_2685000/2685115.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hungary        Soviet troops overrun Hungary        4 November 1956

 


 

 

Picket lines at Russian legation with signs and pictures

about Russian tyranny at Budapest re Hungarian Revolution.

Location: New York, NY, US

Date taken: November 1956

 

Photographer: Walter Sanders

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=f74480d354bc64fb

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Russian tanks on the streets of Budapest.

Location: Budapest, Hungary

Date taken: November 1956

 

Photographer: Michael Rougier

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=78e468281d1b1079

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_2739000/2739039.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fighting spreads in Hungary revolution        26 October 1956

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/26/newsid_3200000/3200703.stm

http://images.google.com/hosted/life/d01973411a2cbaed.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hungarians rise up against Soviet rule        23 October 1956

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/23/newsid_3140000/3140400.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Truman rejects anti-Stalin talk        18 June 1956

 

The former President of the United States, Harry Truman,

shruggs off suggestions Moscow may be about to reject its Stalinist past

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/18/newsid_3048000/3048197.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/18/newsid_3048000/3048197.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/truman_01.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Khrushchev lashes out at Stalin        25 February 1956

 

The Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev,

denounces Joseph Stalin as a brutal despot

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/25/newsid_2703000/2703581.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/25/newsid_2703000/2703581.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        More than 50 people killed in rioting in Poznan        1956

over demands for greater freedom.

Liberal Communist leader Wladislaw Gomulka takes over.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

West Germany joins Nato; East Germany joins the Warsaw Pact        1955

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1053880.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Communist states sign Warsaw Pact        14 May 1955

 

The Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies

sign a security pact in the Polish capital, Warsaw, after a three-day conference

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/14/newsid_3771000/3771065.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/14/newsid_3771000/3771065.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Pacific ocean        US tests hydrogen bomb in Bikini        1 March 1954

 

The US produces the biggest ever man-made explosion so far

in the Pacific archipelago of Bikini, part of the Marshall Islands.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/1/newsid_2781000/2781419.stm

 

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 50S

TIME cover 04-12-1954

mushroom cloud from 1952 American H-bomb test over the Marshall Islands.

Date taken: April 12, 1954

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=a1dc83d18ec3b3cf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/1/newsid_2781000/2781419.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

East Germany        Building workers in East Berlin riot over working conditions        1953

 

The Red Army steps in to suppress the protests

 

 

 

 

Konrad Adenauer at funeral after East Berlin riots.

Location: Germany

Date taken: June 1953

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=32609b90be32b4f0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1484769.stm

http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=38765

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA > Cold war

Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg (1915-1953) and Julius Rosenberg (1918-1953)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom        Marshal Tito makes historic visit to London        10 March 1953

 

Marshal Josef Tito of Yugoslavia arrives in Britain,

the first Communist head of state to visit the country.

The Duke of Edinburgh,

Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden

greeted him at Westminster at the start of his five-day visit.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16/newsid_2808000/2808379.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16/newsid_2808000/2808379.stm 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USA        Pacific ocean        Detonation of the world's first hydrogen bomb        1 November, 1952

 

US Government scientists in the Marshall Islands

pressed the button which would usher in a new age of human history.

 

The 10.4-megaton blast on the far away Enewetak Atoll

was hundreds of times more powerful

than the A-bomb explosion at Hiroshima.

 

Unlike that device which tapped energy by splitting atomic nuclei,

the Enewetak weapon forced together nuclei of hydrogen

to unleash an even greater  destructive force.

 

Internationally,

the test restored at a stroke the US lead

in the race for weapons of mass destruction.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2388027.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2388027.stm

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX63.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        First Soviet atomic bomb        29 August 1949

 

http://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/14/world/soviet-a-bomb-built-from-us-data-russian-says.html

http://www.coldwar.org/articles/40s/soviet_atomic_bomb_test.asp

http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/08/dayintech_0829

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Germany        Berlin        Soviet blockade        Berlin airlift        24 June 1948 - 12 May 1949

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/may/12/berlin-blockade-60th-anniversary

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/gallery/2008/jun/26/germany.russia?picture=335291007

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX49.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/berlinblockaderev2.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A638976

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/berlin/72088.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/berlinwall/8231.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Germany is divided        1949

 

The US, French and British zones in the west

become the Federal Republic of Germany;

the Soviet zone in the east

becomes the communist German Democratic Republic.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1053880.stm

 

The Federal Republic of Germany - West Germany - is founded on 12 May 1949.

On the 24 May, the German Democratic Republic - East Germany - is founded.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1484769.stm

 

 

 

 

 

East Berlin women waving plaintful greetings to their West Berllin friends

across the barbed-wire barricade,

which later became the Berlin wall.

Location: East Berlin, Germany

Date taken: March 1953

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

May Day In Berlin

Date taken: May 04, 1953

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=1f896d63c54d657

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

May Day In Berlin

Date taken: May 04, 1953

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=e762735b9f105984

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

May Day In Berlin

Date taken: May 04, 1953

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=621d0d2c28dc1884

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

May Day In Berlin

Date taken: May 04, 1953

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=6c0a123748facba2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

May Day In Berlin

Date taken: May 04, 1953

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=5d05001fcb418e78

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

May Day In Berlin

Date taken: May 04, 1953

 

Photographer: Ralph Crane

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=f2ad8d34e345b8fa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1053880.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1484769.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cold War

The Soviet Union and the United States

Berlin blockade        1948

U-2 weather planes on a spying mission over the Soviet Union        1960

The Bay of Pigs, Cuban missile crisis        1961-1962

 

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/berlin/72088.stm

http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/index2.htm

http://century.guardian.co.uk/1940-1949/Story/0,6051,105121,00.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/churchill/wc-coldwar.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/intro.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/colc.html

http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/x2jfk.html

http://century.guardian.co.uk/year/0,6050,128371,00.html

http://century.guardian.co.uk/1960-1969/Story/0,6051,105522,00.html

http://century.guardian.co.uk/1960-1969/Story/0,6051,105566,00.html

http://century.guardian.co.uk/1960-1969/Story/0,6051,105569,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,12269,1246268,00.html

http://wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.home

http://www.archives.gov/research/cold-war/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Korean War        1950-1953

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR        Joseph Stalin        1879-1953

 

One of the most powerful and murderous dictators in history,

Stalin was the supreme ruler of the Soviet Union for a quarter of a century.

 

His regime of terror caused the death and suffering of tens of millions,

but he also oversaw the war machine that played a key role in the defeat of Nazism.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/stalin_joseph.shtml
 

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/stalin_joseph.shtml

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/5/newsid_2710000/2710127.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom            The Cambridge spies

 

Donald Maclean (1913 - 1983), Guy Burgess (1911 - 1963),

Harold 'Kim' Philby (1912 - 1988) and Anthony Blunt (1907 - 1983)

were British members of a KGB spy ring

that penetrated the intelligence system of the UK

and passed vital information to the Soviets during World War Two

and the early stages of the Cold War.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/spies_cambridge.shtml

 

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/spies_cambridge.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eastern Europe after the second world war

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/11/second-world-war-eastern-europe

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Communist rule        1947

 

Poland becomes a Communist People's Republic

after Soviet-run elections, under the Stalinist leadership of Boleslaw Bierut.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1054724.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prague, Czechoslovakia        Photos by Walter Sanders        December 1947

 

http://images.google.com/hosted/life/8a63d438331fd5ae.html
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

British Pathé archive:

Ronald Reagan

testifies at the House Un-American Activities Committee

 

Hollywood stars

- including future president Ronald Reagan -

give testimony before

the anti-communist House Un-American Activities Committee in 1947.

It was chaired by J Parnell Thomas,

who would later be convicted for fraud.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2010/oct/21/british-pathe-archive-ronald-reagan-video

 

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2010/oct/21/british-pathe-archive-ronald-reagan-video

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In July 1946,

the United States conducted

two atomic tests at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific.

The tests, codenamed Able (an atmospheric explosion)

and Baker (underwater),

were among the very first of the more than 1,000 tests that the U.S.

would eventually conduct in Nevada and the South Pacific

over the next five decades.

http://life.time.com/history/able-and-baker-photos-from-two-american-a-bomb-tests-in-july-1946/#1

 

 

http://life.time.com/history/able-and-baker-photos-from-two-american-a-bomb-tests-in-july-1946/#1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Sinews of Peace / Iron Curtain Speech

 

by Winston S. Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

at the Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, USA        5 March 1946

 

http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-C78F8A8F-3DB25E3F/natolive/news_16942.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/churchill_defender_01.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marshall Josef Tito forms Communist Yugoslavia        1945

 

He maintained Yugoslavia's independence from the USSR

and developed his own form of communism

with power decentralised to workers' councils.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16/newsid_2808000/2808379.stm

 

 

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 40S

Time cover: 09-16-1946 of Josip Broz Tito.

Date taken: September 16, 1946

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=6cb4d8384e0780cc

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 40S

Time cover: 10-09-1944 of Marshal Tito.

Date taken: October 09, 1944

Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=ebd614c6e86ccce5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16/newsid_2808000/2808379.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Germany        Potsdam Conference        17 July - 2 August 1945

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1144829.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yalta conference        11 February 1945

Dividing Germany after the second world war

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/10/second-world-war-germany-yalta

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1144865.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USSR / СССР

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A832411

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/25/newsid_2542000/2542749.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Related

 

 

Secret files from 70s reveal Trident strike needed 'to kill 10m Russians'

Whitehall documents written in 1970s
and marked 'personal and top secret' show logic of British Cold War deterrent
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/dec/26/secret-files-70s-trident-russians

 

Dagmar Searchinger        1916-2011

founder of Women Strike for Peace,
a cold war movement that helped organize
demonstrations around the world calling for nuclear disarmament
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/24/us/24wilson.html

 

Roy Richard Rubottom Jr.        1912-2010

a diplomat who influenced and helped hone United States policy toward Latin America in the late 1950s,
a time of economic and political tumult that culminated in Fidel Castro’s takeover in Cuba
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/20/world/americas/20rubottom.html 

 

The National Security Archive / The George Washington University > The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/index.htm
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/photos.htm

 

Cold War

The global superpower stand-off that brought the world to the brink of destruction.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/

 

 

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