Anglonautes > histoire / history > USA

Les anglonautes

Rear Admiral Dewey's flagship "Olympia."

Lithograph by Kurz & Allison, 1898.

Digital ID: pga 01940 Source: digital file from original print
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-pga-01940 (digital file from original print) ,
LC-USZ62-5336 (b&w film copy neg.) , LC-USZ62-28011 (b&w film copy neg.)
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/i?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a08644))
Pictorial Americana
Selected Images from the Collections of the Library of Congress
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR AND PHILIPPINE INSURRECTION
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/picamer/paSpanAmer.html

Spanish-American war 1898

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Promises.JPG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_War

http://www.pbs.org/crucible/

http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/

http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.html

http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/trask.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sawhtml/sawhome.html

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/picamer/paSpanAmer.html

http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/epo/spanexhib/index.html

http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/spring/spanish-american-war-1.html?template=print

http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/spring/spanish-american-war-2.html

http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/spring/spanish-american-war-marines-1.html

http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/spring/spanish-american-war-marines-2.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/feb15.html

Thomas Edison > Kinetoscope / Phonograph August 31, 1897

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug31.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edmvhm.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edhome.html

Laura Ingalls Wilder

A Journey from South Dakota to Missouri 1894

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=23

Votes for Women

The Struggle for Women's Suffrage

Selected Images From the Collections of the Library of Congress

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/076_vfw.html

"Huddled Masses Yearning to Breathe Free"

Ellis Island / Immigration / Immigrants ca. 1880-1920

http://www.pbs.org/kbyu/ancestors/records/immigration/extra2.html

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan01.html

http://www.nps.gov/stli/serv02.htm

The Statue of Liberty June 19, 1885

http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/sheetmusic/a/a20/a2069/
"L-I-B-E-R-T-Y,"
words and music by Ted S. Barron, 1916.
Historic American Sheet Music,1850-1920

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun19.html

http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,1090229,00.html

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/gilded/jb_gilded_liberty_1.html

First skyscrapers

Sketch For A Skyscraper,
1923
Executed by Michael Goodman
(J.R. Miller & T.L. Pflueger Architects)
graphite, charcoal on paper 14 x 8"
http://www.wirtzgallery.com/exhibitions/2003/2003_06/arch/arch_2003_frame.html

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blskyscapers.htm

http://directory.google.com/Top/Arts/Architecture/History/Building_Types/Skyscrapers/

Supreme Court decision

Fong Yue Ting v. United States 1893

The Supreme court ruling

held that the government’s power to deport foreigners,

whether here legally or not,

was as “absolute and unqualified” as the power to exclude them

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/nyregion/30chinese.html

Chinese Exclusion Act May 6, 1882

The first significant law restricting immigration into the United States

is passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=old&doc=47

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/nyregion/30chinese.html

The Battle of the Little Bighorn 1876

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACWcuster.htm

Mining law 1872

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/21/opinion/21tue3.html

Woman suffrage

Susan B. Anthony at the Voting Polls 1872

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=3

The Fifteenth Amendment

extends the right to vote to former male slaves 1870

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote

shall not be denied or abridged

by the United States or by any state

on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

In 1870 the 15th Amendment was ratified,

which provided specifically that the right to vote shall not be denied

or abridged on the basis of race, color or previous condition of servitude.

This superseded state laws that had directly prohibited black voting.

Congress then enacted the Enforcement Act of 1870,

which contained criminal penalties for interference with the right to vote,

and the Force Act of 1871,

which provided for federal election oversight

http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/vot/intro/intro_a.php

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_13.html

http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/15thamendment.html

http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/vot/intro/intro_a.php

On Dec. 25, 1861, America almost went to war with Britain

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/24/a-fateful-christmas-meeting/

The American West > photographs > 1860-1920

Over 30,000 photographs, drawn from the holdings of

the Western History and Genealogy Department at Denver Public Library

The Continental Summit, Denver
Northwestern & Pacific Railroad,
Louis Charles McClure, photographer, between 1904 and 1913.
History of the American West, 1860-1920 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct20.html
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hawp:@field(NUMBER+@band(codhawp+00071617

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/codhtml/hawphome.html

http://digital.nypl.org/surveyors/

http://www.nypl.org/west/

Homesteaders poster > Millions of acres. Iowa and Nebraska. Land for sale on 10 years credit
by the Burlington & Missouri River R. R. Co. at 6 per ct interest and low prices ...
Buffalo. N. Y. Commercial advertiser printing house [1872].
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbpe&fileName=rbpe13/rbpe134/13401300/rbpe13401300page.db&recNum=0
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/rbpe:@field(DOCID+@lit(rbpe13401300
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/rbpehtml/pehome.html

African American Odyssey / The African American mosaic

Daniel A. P. Murray Pamphlet Collection / black Ohio from 1850 to 1920

Time Line of African American History, 1852-1880 / lynchings / jazz

A Terrible Blot on American Civilization.3424 Lynchings in 33 Years [detail], 1922. An American Time Capsule
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbpe&fileName=rbpe20/rbpe208/20803600/rbpe20803600
page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/rbpebib:@field(NUMBER+@band(rbpe+20803600))&linkText=0
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr07.html

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aointro.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/intro.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aap/aaphome.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ohshtml/aaeohome.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aap/timeline.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct11.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr07.html

http://www.pbs.org/jazz/classroom/jazzfreedom.htm

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/essays/february00/rosenblatt_2-17.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/till/peopleevents/e_lynch.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAlynching.htm

http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/2/79.02.04.x.html

http://www.americanlynching.com/main.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aap/aapmob.html

http://www.cnn.com/2002/US/05/10/lynching.exhibit/

http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/Schomburg/

http://digital.nypl.org/schomburg/images_aa19/

Andrew Johnson 1808-1875

17th president of the United States 1865-1869

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjohnson

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/j/andrew_johnson/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1229.html

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0224.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1865/05/05/news/letter-from-andrew-johnson-samuel-hanson-cox-dd-lld.html

The Treaty of Kanagawa 1854

Setting the Stage for Japanese-American Relations March 31, 1854

http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/featured_documents/treaty_of_kanagawa/

Civil War and Reconstruction 1850-1877

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals/civilwar.html

The Chinese in California 1850-1925

http://frontiers.loc.gov/learn/collections/chinese/history.html

The gold rush 1848-1855

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goldrush/

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/picamer/paGold.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cbhtml/

Early California History > The Discovery of Gold 1847-1848

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cbhtml/cbgold.html

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/women/women.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cbhtml/cbhome.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan24.html

The United States and California 1846-1847

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cbhtml/cbstates.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cbhtml/cbintro.html

Samuel F. B. Morse

dispatches the first telegraphic message

over an experimental line from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore May 24, 1844

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may24.html

John C. Frémont

Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains 1843

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=22

Irish emigrants

The Story of Irish Immigration to America during the 19th century

Ireland’s 1845 Potato Blight

Anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic sentiments

Racial tensions

"Potato crop fails in Ireland
sparking the Potato Famine that kills one million
and prompts almost 500,000 to immigrate to America in the next five years."

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/immig/irish8.html

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/irish2.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAEireland.htm

Emergence of advertising in America 1850-1920

http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/eaa/

Manifest Destiny / John L. O'Sullivan 1840's

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess
the whole of the continent which Providence has given us
for the development of the great experiment of liberty
and federaltive development of self government entrusted to us.
It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable
for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth." (Brinkley 352)

http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manifxx.htm

http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/osulliva.htm

http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/dialogues/prelude/manifest/d2aeng.html

George Armstrong Custer 1839-1876

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer

http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/custer.htm

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun25.html

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/native_american4.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm041.html

http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/970310/custer.html

The North American Indian by Edward S. Curtis

one of the most significant and controversial representations
of traditional American Indian culture ever produced.
Issued in a limited edition from 1907-1930

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/ienhtml/curthome.html

American Indians of the Pacific Northwest

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/pacific/

http://content.lib.washington.edu/aipnw/

American Natives / Indians / Destroying the Native American Cultures

The national atlas of the United States of America - Indian tribes, Cultures

Indian reservations / History of the American West 1860-1920

Bureal [i.e. Burial] of the dead
at the battlefield of Wounded Knee S.D. /

copyrighted Jan 1st 1891, N.W. Photo Co Chadron Neb.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hawp:@field(NUMBER%2B@band(codhawp%2B10031292))
http://photoswest.org/cgi-bin/imager?10031292%2BX-31292

"When European settlers arrived
on the North American continent at the end of the fifteenth century,
they encountered diverse Native American cultures
—as many as 900,000 inhabitants with over 300 different languages.
These people, whose ancestors crossed the land bridge from Asia
in what may be considered the first North American immigration,
were virtually destroyed by the subsequent immigration that created the United States."

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/immig/native_american.html

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/native1.gif

Kno-Shr, Kansas Chief (1853)
a daguerreotype by John H. Fitzgibbon.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Met Museum Acquires Gilman Trove of Photos
By Randy Kennedy, Published: March 17, 2005
The Gilman Paper Company Collection is widely considered
to be the most important private photography collection in the world.
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/17/arts/design/17gilm.html

http://www.nmai.si.edu/

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/statutes/native/namenu.htm

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/immig/native_american.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/immig/native_american2.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwss-ilc.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/codhtml/hawphome.html

http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/exhibits/north-south-east-west/

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/wauhtml/aipnhome.html

NARA > Indians/Native Americans

http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/native-americans.html

Railroad maps of the United States 1828-1900

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/rrhtml/rrhome.html

The Capitol 1826

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/us.capitol/s0.html

The American West (1750 onwards) > The Frontier

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award99/icuhtml/fawhome.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/lewisandclark/lewisandclark.html

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/start/keywords/frontier.html

http://www.academicinfo.net/westfrontwestward.html

http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/links/

Alexis de Tocqueville > Democracy in America 1805-1859

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~Hyper/detoc/

http://books.mirror.org/gb.tocqueville.html

http://agora.qc.ca/mot.nsf/Dossiers/Alexis_de_Tocqueville

Thomas Jefferson 1743-1827

3rd President of the United States 1801-1809

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tj3.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jeffwest.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/mtjhtml/timeline/timeline.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/mtjhtml/

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=1

Thomas Paine 1737-1809

http://www.ushistory.org/paine/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpaine.htm

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm028.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefffed.html

Lewis and Clarke expedition / American Indians 1804-1806

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/lewisandclark/lewisandclark.html

http://dorgan.senate.gov/lewis_and_clark/credits.html

http://www.indiana.edu/~libgpd/lewisclark.html

http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/lewisandclark/indians.htm

http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/

http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/archive/index.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/l/meriwether_lewis/index.html

Louisiana / Louisiane > The Louisiana Purchase 1803

http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Louisiana.html

http://www.louisianapurchase2003.com/home.cfm

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/france/fr1803m.htm

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/louisiana_res.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/louisiana5.html

http://www.louisiane.culture.fr/fr/index.html#SŽquence_1

http://www.thalassa.france3.fr/semaine_prochaine.php3

http://www.cajunradio.org/louisianapurchase2003.html

http://www.lapurchase.org/history.html

http://www.lib.lsu.edu/special/purchase/

The new United States of America adopts

the Bill of Rights,

the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution December 15, 1791

Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly,

the right to a fair and speedy trial

–the ringing phrases

that inventory some of Americans' most treasured personal freedoms–

were not initially part of the U.S. Constitution.

At the Constitutional Convention,

the proposal to include a bill of rights was considered and defeated.

The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution

as the first ten amendments on December 15, 1791.

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_7.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec15.html

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_7.html

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_founding_fathers.html

http://myloc.gov/exhibitions/creatingtheus/Pages/default.aspx

http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/billofrights.html

http://www.archives.gov/national_archives_experience/charters/bill_of_rights.html

http://www.archives.gov/national_archives_experience/charters/declaration.html

http://www.archives.gov/national_archives_experience/charters/constitution.html

http://www.archives.gov/national_archives_
experience/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/federal/fed.htm

An Act for the Establishment of Troops September 29, 1789

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep29.html

Eleven years after the Declaration of Independence

announced the birth of the United States,

the survival of the young country seemed in doubt.

The War for Independence had been won,

but economic depression, social unrest, interstate rivalries,

and foreign intrigue appeared to be unraveling the fragile confederation.

In early 1787,

Congress called for a special convention of all the states

to revise the Articles of Confederation.

On September 17, 1787,

after four months of secret meetings,

the delegates to the Constitutional Convention

emerged from their Philadelphia meeting room

with an entirely new plan of government –the U.S. Constitution–

that they hoped would ensure the survival

of the experiment they had launched in 1776.

They proposed a strong central government made up of three branches:

legislative, executive, and judicial;

each would be perpetually restrained by

a sophisticated set of checks and balances.

They reached compromises on the issue of slavery

that left its final resolution to future generations.

As for ratification,

they devised a procedure that maximized the odds:

the Constitution would be enacted

when it was ratified by nine, not thirteen, states.

The Framers knew they had not created a perfect plan,

but it could be revised.

The Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times

and stands today as the longest-lasting written constitution in the world.

On September 17, 1787,

two days after the final vote,

the delegates signed the engrossed parchment

shown in the Rotunda's centerpiece case.

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_6.html

The Federal Convention

convened in the State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on May 14, 1787,

to revise the Articles of Confederation.

Because the delegations from only two states were at first present,

the members adjourned from day to day

until a quorum of seven states was obtained on May 25.

Through discussion and debate it became clear by mid-June that,

rather than amend the existing Articles,

the Convention would draft an entirely new frame of government.

All through the summer, in closed sessions, the delegates debated,

and redrafted the articles of the new Constitution.

Among the chief points at issue were

how much power to allow the central government,

how many representatives in Congress to allow each state,

and how these representatives should be elected--directly

by the people or by the state legislators.

The work of many minds,

the Constitution stands as a model

of cooperative statesmanship and the art of compromise.

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html

The Founding Fathers

Delegates to the Constitutional Convention

On February 21, 1787,

the Continental Congress resolved that:

...it is expedient that on the second Monday in May next

a Convention of delegates

who shall have been appointed by the several States

be held at Philladelphia for the sole and express purpose

of revising the Articles of Confederation...

The original states, except Rhode Island,

collectively appointed 70 individuals to the Constitutional Convention,

but a number did not accept or could not attend.

Those who did not attend included Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry,

Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Samuel Adams and, John Hancock.

In all, 55 delegates attended the Constitutional Convention sessions,

but only 39 actually signed the Constitution.

The delegates ranged in age

from Jonathan Dayton, aged 26, to Benjamin Franklin, aged 81,

who was so infirm that he had to be carried to sessions in a sedan chair.

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_founding_fathers.html

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_2.html

The United States Dollar July 6, 1785

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar

John Adams Audience with King George III 1785

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=19

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/george_iii_king.shtml

Religion and the American Revolution

http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel03.html

UK / USA > John Bull and Uncle Sam

Four centuries of British-American relations

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/british/

Gen. George Washington A Threat of Bioterrorism 1775

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=4

George Washington 1732-1799

1st President of the United States 1789-1797

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/gw1.html

http://www.pbs.org/georgewashington/

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwtime.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/03/science/03george.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/sceptred_isle/page/124.shtml?question=124

The Constitution of the United States > Drafts 1787 / Full text

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/newnatn/usconst/draft.html

http://myloc.gov/exhibitions/creatingtheus/Pages/default.aspx

http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.overview.html

"Old Glory" June 14, 1777 / The Pledge of Allegiance 1892

"Resolved, that the Flag of the thirteen United States shall be
thirteen stripes, alternate red and white;
that the Union be thirteen stars, white on a blue field,
representing a new constellation."

June 14, 1777,
in Journals of the Continental Congress.
A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation, 1774-1875

"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America,
and to the Republic for which it stands,
one Nation under God, indivisible,
with liberty and justice for all."

http://www.usflag.org/toc.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun14.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec28.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep13.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep13.html#starspangled

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tri005.html

http://history.vineyard.net/pledge.htm

http://www.usconstitution.net/pledge.html

The American War of Independence / The American Revolution

The Minutemen, Independence Day, George Washington, Time Line

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul04.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul13.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwtimear.html

http://www.si.umich.edu/spies/

http://revolution.h-net.msu.edu/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/empire/rebels_redcoats_02.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/sceptred_isle/page/124.shtml?question=124

http://www.guardian.co.uk/september11/story/0,11209,1254117,00.html

Declaring independence 1776-1777

The Battle of Trenton, The Declaration of Independence 1776

Drafted by Thomas Jefferson between June 11 and June 28, 1776,

the Declaration of Independence

is at once the nation's most cherished symbol of liberty

and Jefferson's most enduring monument.

Here, in exalted and unforgettable phrases,

Jefferson expressed the convictions

in the minds and hearts of the American people.

The political philosophy of the Declaration was not new;

its ideals of individual liberty had already been expressed

by John Locke and the Continental philosophers.

What Jefferson did was to summarize this philosophy in "self-evident truths"

and set forth a list of grievances against the King

in order to justify before the world the breaking of ties

between the colonies and the mother country.

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html

"When in the course of human events,
it becomes necessary for one people
to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another,
and to assume the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which
the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them,
a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires
that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,
that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends,
it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government,
laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form,
as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. "

http://www.usembassy.de/usa/etexts/democrac/1.htm

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jeffdec.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/declara/declara1.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/declara/declara2.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr12.html

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/picamer/paRevol.html

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html

http://myloc.gov/exhibitions/creatingtheus/Pages/default.aspx

http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_signers_gallery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/04/opinion/04widmer.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/i/independence_day_us_july_4/index.html?hp

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/24/books/24kaku.html

Boston Massacre March 5, 1770

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar05.html

Général de La Fayette 1757-1834

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier_de_La_Fayette

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Du Contrat social ou Principes du droit politique 1762

http://un2sg4.unige.ch/athena/rousseau/jjr_cont.html

http://abu.cnam.fr/cgi-bin/go?contrat1

http://www.constitution.org/jjr/socon.htm

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/rousse.htm

George III King of Great Britain (r. 1760-1820) 1738-1820

George III was the third Hanoverian king of Great Britain.

During his reign,

Britain lost its American colonies

but emerged as a leading power in Europe.

He suffered from recurrent fits of madness

and after 1810, his son acted as regent.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/george_iii_king.shtml

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHanoverians/GeorgeIII.aspx

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/george_iii_poisoned_well_01.shtml

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3889903.stm

http://memory.loc.gov/learn///features/timeline/amrev/shots/address.html

http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/timeline/amrev/shots/responds.html

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/amrev/shots/address.html

The American Revolution and Its Era:

Maps and Charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/armhtml/armhome.html

The James Madison Papers 1723-1836

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/madison_papers/

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/madison_papers/mjmtime1.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/madison_papers/mjmciphers.html

Religion in Eighteenth-Century America

The Emergence of American Evangelism

http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel02.html

French Louisiana / Louis XIV

http://www.louisiane.culture.fr/fr/index.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bnf/bnf0005.html

http://j.pazzoni.free.fr/

America Journey through Slavery

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/

http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/Schomburg/

Anglonautes > Racisme > USA

American Slavery > British Library > pre-1866 imprints

http://www.bl.uk/pdf/slavery.pdf

Salem Witch Trials March 1, 1692

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar01.html

America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century

Religion and the Founding of the American Republic

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/

Thanksgiving > Mayflower Compact 1620 > October 11, 1782

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerdoc/mayflower.htm

http://teacher.scholastic.com/thanksgiving/

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/thanks/thanks.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm125.html

Anglonautes > History > USA > 17th-19th century > Slavery

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