Anglonautes > History > England / UK / British empire > Nineteenth / Eighteenth / Seventeenth century

James Gillray (1757-1815) was among the most popular, prolific, revered, and reviled print satirists
of the golden age of English caricature, the late eighteenth century.
He took special delight in attacking the excesses of the royal family.

Here, he caustically depicts King George III, Queen Charlotte,
and the Prince of Wales (later George IV)
gorging themselves on the national treasury, labelled "John Bull's Blood."

The title, "Monstrous Craws," refers to the rapidly expanding gullets dangling from the royal necks,
probably inspired by the recent public display in London
of three "wild-born human beings," who apparently exhibited such features.

James Gillray,
MONSTROUS CRAWS, at a New Coalition Feast,
etching with watercolor, 1787 - Library of Congress purchase, 1921
Prints and Photographs Division (10)

http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page111.asp

http://www.economist.com/books/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5436773

http://slavetrade.parliament.uk/

http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/dec/14/attack-royal-carriage-protesters-1795

Thomas Paine's Rights of Man published in 1791

http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2010/apr/15/ten-of-the-best-political-documents

Adam Smith 1723-1790

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/smith_adam.shtml

http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/apr/12/businessglossary124

Child Labour 1750-1850 > online source material

Poor Law Amendment Act 1834

Poor Laws XIV - XX

Milk of Human Kindness

"... in 1843 the satirical magazine Punch
reported how in Bethnal Green
"An infant, only five weeks old,
had been separated from the mother,
being occasionally brought to her for the breast." "

http://users.ox.ac.uk/~peter/workhouse/poorlaws/poorlaws.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRchild.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Lpoor1834.htm

http://www.micklebring.com/workhouse/index.htm

http://users.ox.ac.uk/~peter/workhouse/poorlaws/poorlaws.html

http://users.ox.ac.uk/~peter/workhouse/index.html

The Industrial Revolution

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/britain/stu_steam_eng.shtml

The British Presence in India in the 18th Century

Early Indian newspapers

http://www.bl.uk/collections/indian.html

England and the French Revolution

http://www.bartleby.com/60/104.html

http://revolution.1789.free.fr/campagne/Angleterre.htm

Captain James Cook 1728-1779

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/cook_james.shtml

http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot41/snapshot41.htm

http://www.cookmuseumwhitby.co.uk/

http://www.guardian.co.uk/australia/story/0,,2039850,00.html

http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1259987,00.html

Britain and America's war for independence

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/empire/rebels_redcoats_02.shtml

http://memory.loc.gov/const/declar.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/bdsds/timelin2.html

Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Newton.html

http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Newton/RouseBall/RB_Newton.html

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Newton.html

Description des îles britanniques par des Français

bibliographie de l'université Paris 13

http://www.univ-paris13.fr/CRIDAF/Travels/IlesBrit.PDF

Acts of Union: The creation of the United Kingdom

Political unification of Scotland and England > Act of Union 1707

http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/

http://www.parliament.uk/about/images/historical/1707union.cfm

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/uniting.htm

http://www.guardian.co.uk/britain/article/0,,2008266,00.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/0,,178327,00.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/acts_of_union_01.shtml

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/6263977.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/6262813.stm

http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/history/treatyofunion/index.htm

http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/Scotland-History/ActofUnion.htm

Queen Anne (r.1702-1714) 1665-1714

Born in 1665,

the younger daughter of James VII and II

by his first wife, Anne Hyde,

Queen Anne inherited the throne in 1702.

(...)

During Queen Anne's reign,

Scotland and England found it increasingly difficult to co-exist peacefully,

for their separate parliaments had conflicting foreign and economic policies.

Eventually, the situation became so unstable

that the Union of the Crowns itself seemed to be in danger.

In 1701,

England settled the succession of the Protestant Sophia of Hanover,

granddaughter of James VI and I,

but two years later the Scots declared that they were free to choose someone else,

the implication being that they might select

the exiled Jacobite claimant, James VII and II's son.

The situation was untenable.

After months of bitter debate,

the anti-Unionists led by Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun were finally defeated

and the Scottish Parliament agreed that henceforth

the kingdoms of Scotland and England would be united as Great Britain,

with one parliament.

http://www.royal.gov.uk/historyofthemonarchy/scottish%20monarchs%28400ad-1603%29/thestewarts/anne.aspx

Queen Anne and William, Duke of Gloucester

by studio of Sir Godfrey Kneller.

Scanned from the book

The National Portrait Gallery History of the Kings and Queens of England

by David Williamson,

ISBN 1855142287.

Source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Anne_and_William,_Duke_of_Gloucester_by_studio_of_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain

http://www.royal.gov.uk/historyofthemonarchy/scottish%20monarchs%28400ad-1603%29/thestewarts/anne.aspx

William III (of Orange) 1650-1702

William was 'stadtholder' of the Netherlands

and in 1688-1689 became king of England in the 'Glorious Revolution',

ruling jointly with his wife, Mary.

He deposed James II.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/william_iii.shtml

James II 1633 - 1701

James was a Stuart king of England, Scotland and Ireland

who in 1688 was overthrown in the 'Glorious Revolution' by William III.

James was born on 14 October 1633 to Charles I and his French wife, Henrietta Maria

and was named after his grandfather, James I and VI.

During the English Civil War he was captured but fled to exile on the continent.

He distinguished himself a soldier,

returning to England at the Restoration of his brother, Charles II, in 1660.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/james_ii.shtml

The act of settlement 1701

http://www.explore.parliament.uk/Parliament.aspx?id=10329&glossary=true

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A695441

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2000/dec/06/monarchy

http://www.jacobite.ca/documents/1701settlement.htm

The Act of Settlement 1700

http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1565208

Mary II 1662 - 1694

The daughter of James II,

Mary and her husband William of Orange

became co-rulers of England after the 'Glorious Revolution'.

Mary was born on 30 April 1662,

the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York and his first wife Anne Hyde.

James converted to Catholicism at the end of the 1660s,

but Mary and her sister Anne were raised as Protestants.

In November 1677,

Mary married her Dutch cousin William, Prince of Orange

and went to the Netherlands to live with him.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_ii_queen.shtml

The Battle of the Boyne 1690

The Treaty of Limerick 1691

http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1700.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/ni/battle_boyne.shtml

The Glorious Revolution 1688

William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-94)

Declaration of Rights / Bill of Rights 1689

http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page100.asp

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/making_history_rise.htm

The Stuarts and the Civil War

Charles II (r. 1660-85)

The restoration of the monarchy 1660-85

John Evelyn, Anthony Van Dyck

King Charles II

Sir Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641) 1635

Oil on canvas Musée du Louvre, Paris, France
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/d/dyck_van/1portrai/charles1.html
http://www.wga.hu/art/d/dyck_van/1portrai/charles1.jpg
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/d/dyck_van/1portrai/charles1.html

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUrestoration.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUcharles2.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUevelyn.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/england/stu_restoration.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/charles_ii_king.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/britain/stu_charles_ii.shtml

http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page92.asp

http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg4243/gg4243-main1.html

Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes

http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/hobbes/leviathan-contents.html

Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658

Civil wars 1642-1651

British Library > Thomason Collection of Civil War Tracts

http://www.olivercromwell.org/

http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/thomason.html

http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?workid=3957

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/cromwell_01.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/englishcivilwar/index.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/englishcivilwar/west_01.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/england/stu_civil_war_p1.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/england/stu_world_upside_down.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/england/stu_civil_war_p2.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/cromwell_01.shtml

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/english_civil-war.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CivilWar.htm

http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/glossary/diggers.htm

The Great Fire of London 1666

Sir Christopher Wren 1632-1723

http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Special/LondonsBurning/

http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/fire/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/games/fire/index.shtml

http://www.angliacampus.com/education/fire/london/history/greatfir.htm

http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/greatfire.htm

http://www.adelpha.com/~davidco/History/fire1.htm

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/great_fire_of_london_of_1666.htm

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Wren.html

http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Sir_Christopher_Wren.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wren_christopher.shtml

http://www.nmm.ac.uk/site/request/setTemplate:
singlecontent/contentTypeA/conWebDoc/contentId/179/navId/00500300f00e

The Plague Year 1665-66

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/england/stu_plague_year.shtml

http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/plague/index.html

http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=376

Charles I 1600-1649 (r. 1625-1649)

Petition of Right 1628

The final speech of King Charles I,
given at his execution in January 1648/9.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/nov/14/monarchy-television

http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page76.asp

http://www.evergreen.loyola.edu/~cmitchell/charles.jpg

http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon47.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/britain/stu_charles_i.shtml

http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/thomason.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/englishcivilwar/index.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/personality_charles_01.shtml

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/museum/item.asp?item_id=22

http://www.parliament.uk/about/images/historical/1628petitionright.cfm

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/citizenship2.htm

http://www.parliament.uk/about/images/historical/1649warrant.cfm

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/making_history_rise.htm

Witness statements from Irish rebellion and massacres of 1641

Fully searchable digital edition of the 1641 depositions at Trinity College Dublin Library,

comprising transcripts and images of all 4000 depositions, examinations and associated materials

in which Protestant men and women of all classes told of their experiences

following the outbreak of the rebellion by the Catholic Irish in October, 1641

http://1641.eneclann.ie/

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/mar/07/irish-rebellion-archive-online

The Gunpowder Plot Guy Fawkes November 5, 1605

http://www.gunpowderplot.parliament.uk/adults_index.htm

http://www.show.me.uk/gunpowderplot/

http://www.parliament.uk/about/images/historical/1605gunpowder.cfm

http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0,5860,1605605,00.html

http://www.gunpowder-plot.org/

http://www.armitstead.com/gunpowder/trial.html

http://www.armitstead.com/gunpowder/gunpowder_trial.html

http://www.parliament.uk/faq/gunpowder_plot.cfm

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/museum/item.asp?item_id=19

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