|
|
|
groupe verbal > breaking news present perfect simple (have aux + p. passé) / présent simple / prétérit
Al-Qaida 'behead' US hostage The Guardian 18.6.2004 7pm
Hostage killed in Saudi Arabia The Guardian 19.6.2004
NEWS ALERT
!
NYT WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 2004 (news alert
en rouge dans l'original)
5pm update
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uselections2004/story/0,13918,1342605,00.html
Boston Sunday Globe, B6 16.11.2003
Present perfect, présent, prétérit : on rencontre cette forme verbale et ces temps dans les informations de "dernière minute" de la presse audiovisuelle et écrite. Le present perfect simple, à ne pas confondre avec le present perfect en -ing, est un messager, un informateur. Haveaux + participe passé, c'est la forme verbale de l’information qui tombe : moi, énonciateur-journaliste / témoin / relai, je vous apprends ce qui se passe / vient de se passer / ce qui s'est passé, sans que je fasse le moindre commentaire.
Michael Jackson has died [ present perfect simple > valeurs > information / scoop ]
King of Pop dies
[
present simple > valeurs > information brute,
objective, factuelle ]
Friday 26 June 2009
Michael Jackson, the American pop legend, died [ prétérit > valeurs > mise en chronologie ] of a heart attack in a Los Angeles hospital last night, just weeks before he hoped to resurrect his four-decade long career with a series of sold-out shows in London. Michael Jackson has died, G, 26.6.2009, http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jun/25/michael-jackson-dead
Ce qui est énoncé / annoncé peut parfois renvoyer à des faits depuis longtemps révolus : le présent du present perfect simple, marqué par l'auxiliaire have, c'est le présent de l'énonciation, de l'information.
Dans la presse écrite, trois "mises en verbe" d'un même événement sont possibles :
- présent -> present perfect : dans les journaux, c'est le cas de nombreux titres (présent) et du premier paragraphe (present perfect). Agences de presse : Press Association (britannique) utilise souvent ces deux formes.
- prétérit : c'est le cas de certains titres / premiers paragraphes de journaux. Agences de presse : Reuters (autre agence britannique) utilise également le présent dans ses titres, mais à l'inverse de Press Association, elle privilégie toujours le prétérit, avec un ancrage temporel précis > exemples.
9/11
L'information au present perfect est présentée comme imprévisible, contrairement à certains énoncés au prétérit, que l'énonciateur inscrit souvent dans une série d'événements (exemples).
Voici ce qui est sans doute la première information écrite relative aux attentats du 11.9.2001 ('9/11') :
Digital Collection
Peu de temps après, CNN et Reuters reprennent l'information au prétérit :
Digital Collection
Digital Collection
Dans le traitement verbal de l'information, l'anglais fonctionne différemment du français.
Le prétérit des deux dernières dépêches ne se traduirait pas par le passé simple, mais par le passé composé : Three hijacked planes crashed into ... Trois avions détournés par des pirates de l'air se sont écrasés ...
Le passé simple est peu utilisé dans la presse française de la fin du XXe / début du XXIe siècle. La mise au passé donnerait ici l'impression d'un fait éloigné dans le temps, historicisé, théâtralisé, sans conséquences directes sur le présent, sans implication du lecteur.
A l'inverse du passé composé français et du present perfect anglais, qui présentent le fait dans son immédiateté, le passé simple en donne une re-présentation distanciée : Trois avions détournés par des pirates de l'air s'écrasèrent ...
Voici comment Le Monde, journal français, a rendu compte des attentats du 11 septembre 2001 :
Digital Collection
Breaking news : autres énoncés au present perfect
Steve Roper
and Mike Nomad Fran Matera
19.9.2004
The Guardian p. 15 24.2.2005
German Cardinal Ratzinger Elected Pope - Cardinal Tue Apr 19, 2005 VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany has been elected pope to lead the Roman Catholic Church, a cardinal announced on Tuesday. He has chosen Pope Benedict XVI as his papal name, the cardinal said. German Cardinal Ratzinger Elected Pope - Cardinal, R, Tue Apr 19, 2005 12:46 PM ET, http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=8228317
World: Former Chechen president Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev has been killed in Qatar when his car exploded. G web frontpage, 13.2.2004.
Grounded by terror Security chiefs have ordered the cancellation of a British Airways flight to Washington for the second day because of fears of a terrorist plot to stage another September 11-style attack.
Youth held over murder A 17-year-old boy has gone before magistrates charged with the murder of a girl of 10 who was strangled at a Christmas party.
Baby stunt slammed Australian television presenter Steve Irwin, who dangled his month-old son in front of a crocodile, has provoked a deluge of complaints from viewers Breaking news, web frontpage, T, 3.1.2004.
LATEST: The Egyptian foreign minister has been attacked by Muslim demonstrators at the Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, according to witnesses. More details soon ... Guardian web frontpage, 22.12.2003 (ce texte figure en tête de tous les articles).
4.45pm update
Egyptian minister
attacked in Jerusalem Mr Maher, who is in Jerusalem for
talks with the Israeli prime minister, Ariel Sharon, Guardian frontpage, 22.12.2003.
Autres exemples :
LATEST:
Brian Stevens, the police liaison officer to the family of Soham murder victim
Jessica Chapman, Guardian web frontpage, 11.9.2003, 09:45 (ce texte figure en tête de tous les articles).
Latest News Rats cloned for first time Rats have been cloned for the first time, scientists have disclosed. PA, Headline / sub headline, 25.9.2003.
Ministers were accused last night of failing to prepare Britain for an 11 September-style terrorist attack after it emerged that the police and the Army lack enough specialists to cope with such an atrocity. The Independent has learnt that police chiefs are so short of experts that they plan to use private security companies, such as Group 4, in the event of an attack. The Association of Chief Police Officers (Acpo) has reached a "gentleman's agreement" with the private sector to get enough manpower to deal with nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC) strikes. Terror attack plans hit by troops shortage, I, 31.12.2003, http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/story.jsp?story=477115
On remarquera le sémantisme des verbes de certains énoncés : learn, announce, disclose, discover, rediscover, create, arrive, introduce. Au present perfect, ces verbes participent à la mise en scène de l'information.
Rappel
present perfect actif = have + participe passé present perfect passif = have been + participe passé
Présent simple : les titres de journaux sont souvent au présent simple.
En voici quelques exemples, tirés de la
première page du Guardian Europe du 28.12.2002
Cult scientists claim first human cloning
Insider gives UN details of Iraq arms
Herb Ritts
dies / The photographer renowned for his work
with celebrities
De même, un titre de dépêche d'agence est très souvent au présent simple :
Saddam targeted as war breaks out PA, 20.3.2003, 07:01 GMT.
Allied forces battle towards Baghdad
B-52's take off from RAF base Eight UK troops die in 'copter crash
On rencontre parfois des titres d'articles au présent en be + -ing. De tels titres ne sont pas seulement informatifs (voir be + -ing : valeur emphatique). Le titre ci-dessous relève tout autant de l'information que de la proclamation :
Britons are winning war on smoking The number of smokers in England and Wales has hit a record low, with levels now plummeting by 170,000 people each year, according to Cancer Research UK. A huge drop over the past few years
puts
the current level of those who smoke at one out of four people, outstripping
government targets for 2005 of 26 per cent. The study, which
looks
at data from the General Household Survey (GHS) and the Omnibus survey, The new figures
have delighted
anti-smoking groups, who feared that the
situation in the Nineties Headline and first §§, O, 2.11.2001, http://society.guardian.co.uk/cancer/story/0,8150,1076245,00.html
The Guardian
p. 13 2.6.2005
breaking news / present perfect > corpus voir aussi le corpus 999 call transcripts en bas de page
BBC Radio 4 headline, 23.3.2003, 7 AM UK time.
The tower has totally collapsed. Extrait d'un journal télévisé, 11.9.2003 ("9/11").
Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, who has died at the age of 101, was the Mother Earth and Mother Courage of her family during almost 80 years of public life. A life of legend, duty and devotion, GE, p. 10, 1-4-2002.
Information nouvelle : have + participe passé. Rappel d'une information : prétérit (les qualités de la Reine Mère sont déjà / bien connues).
It has just been announced by Buckingham Palace that Princess Margaret has died. BBC Radio 4, 9-2-2002, 9:35.
Buckingham Palace vient d’annoncer à l’instant la mort de la Princesse Margaret. Anglais -> français : passage, pour le premier GV, du passif à l’actif, et pour le second, du verbal à la nominalisation.
Massive fields of ice have been discovered on Mars, raising hopes that the Red Planet could support life. Life on Mars hopes after ice find, O, p. 3, 3.3.2002.
Scientists have created the first transistor made from a single atom, advancing the prospect of building powerful computers small enough to fit on the full stop at the end of this sentence. Shrinking computer nears the size of a full stop, T, p. 12, 13.6.2002.
It’s your move Let battle commence (…) Xbox The most powerful console ever has arrived. So check out the amazing Xbox pckages in-store right now. Currys ad, ES, p. 34, 5.4.2002.
This Easter you’ll find sensational savings at DFS. We’ve slashed an amazing 50% off everything in our Half Price Collection. DFS ad, ES, p. 20, 28.3.2002, souligné dans le texte.
Howard, who has died aged 74 after a heart attack, was better qualified than most to speak on the subject, for he was one of the genre’s great lyricists. Prolific
songwriter of country music hits : Harlan Howard, GE, p. 10, 6.3.2002.
Howard, qui vient de mourir d’une crise cardiaque à l’âge de 74 ans, était plus compétent que quiconque pour s’exprimer sur ce sujet, puisqu'il était / fut l’un des plus grands paroliers du genre; Cet énoncé, tiré des Obituaries (nécrologie), montre bien le passage du present perfect au prétérit, dès que l’information a été donnée. On retrouve ici le schéma : Information inédite / mise en avant -> present perfect. Récit / résumé des informations supposées déjà connues -> prétérit.
Ornithologists have rediscovered one of the world’s rarest parrots after an absence of 91 years. Hapalopsittaca fuertesi, fuertes parrot or the indigo-winged parrot, was first discovered in the Central Andes in 1911. Rare parrot rediscovered in Colombia after 91 years, GE, p. 5, 21.8.2002.
Dans le texte suivant, l’énonciateur utilise d’abord le prétérit, puis passe au present perfect pour donner les dernières nouvelles (update / breaking the latest news) : le suspect vient d'être mis en examen pour meurtre.
" I have the following update regarding the ongoing investigation into the murder of Y. In the early hours of this morning X, who was arrested in the early hours of Saturday morning, underwent the last of a series of medical examinations which had taken place since his arrest. Upon a psychiatrist’s recommendation, X was detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. At around 2 am today he was transferred from police custody to a secure unit where he will undergo further assessment. Following lengthy discussions with the Crown Prosecution Service in Cambridgeshire, I can tell you that in the last hour detectives from the force have driven to the secure unit and have charged X with the murder of Y. " The Statement, GE, p. 4, 21.8.2002.
Remarque : in the last hour appelle le present perfect ( ¹ de an hour ago + prétérit). Glose : in the last hour (à l'heure où je vous parle) an hour ago (il y a une heure de cela)
Suite d'énoncés en have + participe passé > effet emphatique
Texte ci-dessous : les événements traumatiques sont passés d'un point de vue chronologique ("appartenir au passé"), mais ils restent constamment présents à la mémoire du sujet. Le passé, c'est ici du présent :
He
has had
his front teeth
punched out and
been knocked unconscious by another prisoner. Detainee suicidal after jail ordeal, GE, p. 4, 9.9.2002.
Esso ad The Guardian 31.5.2004
Passage du present perfect au prétérit
Dans les deux énoncés qui suivent, on passe du present perfect (sous-titre à la une du site du Guardian = info qui "tombe") au
prétérit (corps de l'article principal = reprise de la
relation prédicative
England have won the Rugby World Cup - after Jonny Wilkinson's drop-goal gave them a 20-17 extra-time victory over Australia. Wilkinson leads England to glory, web frontpage, G, 22.11.2003
Wilkinson leads England to glory England's victory wasn't pretty, but it was deserved, argues Sean Ingle
England today won the Rugby World Cup
for the first time ever - and in a way that would most infuriated their
Australian hosts: Headline, sub and §1, G, 22.11.2003, http://sport.guardian.co.uk/rugbyworldcup2003/story/0,13904,1091048,00.html
corpus > breaking the news > contraste présent / present perfect / past perfect / prétérit > capture de Saddam Hussein
"Ladies and gentlemen, we got him"
Les articles et les dépêches ci-dessous ont
été écrits rapidement.
BREAKING NEWS
Saddam Hussein captured Saddam Hussein has been captured alive in Iraq, Prime Minister Tony Blair confirms Mirror frontpage, 14.12.2003. Main article : http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/allnews/content_objectid=13723248_method=full_siteid=50143_headline=-SADDAM%2D%2DHUSSEIN%2DCAPTURED-name_page.html
Saddam Hussein has been captured alive in Iraq, Prime Minister Tony Blair confirmed today. The former Iraqi dictator was seized in his home town of Tikrit, according to reports. Mr Blair said in a statement: "I very much welcome the capture last night of Saddam Hussein." He added: "I pay tribute to the work of the Coalition intelligence and military forces in capturing him. "This is very good news for the people of Iraq.
Footage on TV station Al-Arabiya
"It removes the shadow that has been hanging over them for too long of the nightmare of a return to the Saddam regime. "This fear is now removed. "It also gives an opportunity for Saddam to be tried in Iraqi courts for his crimes against the Iraqi people. "And it gives us an opportunity to take a step forward in Iraq. "In particular I appeal for the Sunni community and former Ba'athist officials to grasp the opportunity for reconciliation. "We should try now to unite the whole of Iraq in rebuilding the country and offering it a new future." Saddam's capture sparked jubilant scenes in Iraq. "We are celebrating like it's a wedding," said Mustapha Sheriff, a resident of Kirkuk. "We are finally rid of that criminal." "This is the joy of a lifetime," said Ali Al-Bashiri, another Kirkuk resident. "I am speaking on behalf of all the people that suffered under his rule." US special forces acting on information from Kurdish fighters were understood to have taken Saddam prisoner. The former tyrant, who ruled Iraq for 23 years before the coalition invasion in April, was hiding in a cellar, according to some reports. He had (been) a fugitive since then with a 25 million US dollar (£16 million) bounty on his head. Saddam captured, Mi, 14.12.2003, http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/allnews/content_objectid=13723248_method=full_siteid=50143_headline=-SADDAM%2D%2DHUSSEIN%2DCAPTURED-name_page.html
Tony Blair has confirmed Saddam Hussein has been captured alive. Full story Ananova, 14.12.2003. Full text : http://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_846952.html
Blair confirms Saddam arrest Tony Blair has confirmed Saddam Hussein has been captured alive.
In a statement, the Prime Minister said Saddam was seized last night. Mr Blair said the arrest "removes the shadow" of his return and "gives an opportunity for Saddam to be tried in Iraqi courts. He said: "I pay tribute to the work of the Coalition intelligence and military forces in capturing him. This is very good news for the people of Iraq. "It removes the shadow that has been hanging over them for too long of the nightmare of a return to the Saddam regime. This fear is now removed. "It also gives an opportunity for Saddam to be tried in Iraqi courts for his crimes against the Iraqi people. And it gives us an opportunity to take a step forward in Iraq. "In particular I appeal for the Sunni community and former Ba'athist officials to grasp the opportunity for reconciliation. We should try now to unite the whole of Iraq in rebuilding the country and offering it a new future." A member of the US-appointed Governing Council said Saddam had been captured in his home town of Tikrit. There have been reports that Saddam had been dug out of a cellar. In Baghdad, residents fired small arms in the air in celebration, and gunfire echoed across the city. Story filed: 11:18 Sunday 14th December 2003, http://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_846952.html
1pm: Former Iraqi leader arrested in 8 foot deep hole south of Tikrit, northern Iraq. O frontpage, top story, 14.12.2003. Full text: http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1106951,00.html
Saddam Hussein
captured Without a shot being fired, members of the US army's 4th infantry division and special forces closed in at 8.30pm yesterday on a small walled farming compound 10 miles south of the city where they discovered the hiding place. Video footage of Saddam's medicial inspection after he was pulled from the hole showed a dishevelled figure with unkempt dark hair and a thick beard that had become grey. Lieutenant General Ricardo Sanchez said he offered no resistance and was "cooperative and talkative" in custody. He said he had no idea how long Saddam had been in his final hiding place but he appeared to be a man "resigned to his fate". $750,000 in $100 notes, two AK47s and a taxi were also found in the compound. Saddam was with two supporters but Lt Gen Sanchez said DNA tests had not yet proved their identities. The former Iraqi president had not been seen since US forces entered Baghdad in April. Despite the high profile and bloody operation to kill his sons, and the capture of many of the former regime's most senior figures, Saddam had proved elusive. Addressing a press conference in Baghdad, Paul Bremer, the civilian head of Iraq's US-led administration, said "Ladies and gentleman, we got him" to rapturous cheers from Iraqi journalists attending. Reports from Basra and Baghdad say that shots of celebratory gunfire were heard this morning as the news spread through the cities. "This is a great day in Iraq's history," Mr Bremer said. "For decades hundreds of thousands of Iraqis suffered at the hands of this cruel man. "Those days are now over forever. Now it is time to look to the future. The tyrant is a prisoner, the economy is moving forward. You have before you the prospect of a sovereign government in a few months." He said he hoped insurgents battling the US-led occupation would end their struggle and come together in a spirit of "reconciliation and hope" to rebuild the country. The prime minister, Tony Blair, said Saddam would be put on trial by an Iraqi court. He said his capture "removes the shadow" hanging over Iraq. The capture may break the spirit of some of his diehard supporters and ease the anxieties of many Iraqis that Saddam would return to supress them. "His arrest will put an end to military and terrorist attacks and the Iraqi nation will achieve stability," said Amar al-Hakin, a senior member of the Shi'ite political party the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq told Reuters. But there are also fears it could provoke further attacks by insurgents. US officials will also hope to extract intelligence on the alleged weapons programmes that Washington and its mainly British allies went to war to neuter but - as yet - have not been discovered. O, 14.12.2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1106951,00.html
Saddam Hussein is captured by US forces AP 14 December 2003
American forces captured a bearded Saddam Hussein hiding in a hole in a farmhouse cellar in northern Iraq, the US military announced this afternoon. The arrest was carried out without a shot fired and Saddam did not resist. "Ladies and gentlemen, we got him," US administrator om Iraq Paul Bremer told a news conference, "the tyrant is a prisoner." Mr Bremer said that Saddam was captured last night at 8.30pm (1730 GMT) hiding in the cellar in Adwar, 10 miles 16 kilometers from Tikrit, ending one of the most intense manhunts in history. In Baghdad, radio stations played celebratory music, residents fired small arms in the air in celebration and others drove through the streets, shouting, "They got Saddam! They got Saddam!" At the news conference announcing his capture, US forces presented a video showing a bearded Saddam being examined by a doctor holding his mouth open with a tongue depressor, apparently to get a DNA sample. Then a video was shown of Saddam after he was shaved. Iraqi journalists in the audience stood, pointed and shouted "Death to Saddam!" and "Down with Saddam!" Saddam is being held at an undisclosed location and American authorities were said not to have decided whether to hand him over to the Iraqis for trial. However, Ahmad Chalabi, a member of Iraq's Governing Council, speaking on Al-Iraqiya, a Pentagon-funded TV station, said the former dictator would stand trial "Saddam will stand a public trial so that the Iraqi people will know his crimes," said Mr Chalabi, who is a leading member of the US-appointed council who has close links to the US administration of President George Bush. Tony Blair said in a statement: "This is very good news for the people of Iraq. It removes the shadow that has been hanging over them for too long of the nightmare of a return to the Saddam regime." Forces from the 4th Infantry Division with Special Forces captured Saddam, the US military said. There were no shots fired or injuries in the raid, called "Operation Red Dawn," said Lieutenant General Richardo Sanchez. Trapped in the cellar, Saddam was in a six-to-eight-foot-deep "spider hole" that had been camouflaged with bricks and dirt. The soldiers saw the hole, investigated and found him inside, Sanchez said. The video showed an air vent and fan inside the hole to allow Saddam to remain hidden for an extended period. "I'm very happy for the Iraqi people. Life is going to be safer now," said 35-year-old Yehya Hassan, a resident of Baghdad. "Now we can start a new beginning." Earlier in the day, rumours of the capture sent people streaming into the streets of Kirkuk, a northern Iraqi city, firing guns in the air in celebration. "We are celebrating like it's a wedding," said Kirkuk resident Mustapha Sheriff. "We are finally rid of that criminal." "This is the joy of a lifetime," said Ali Al-Bashiri, another resident. "I am speaking on behalf of all the people that suffered under his rule." IoS, 14.12.2003, http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=473300
Breaking news Britain : last updated, December 14, 2003 13:40 Saddam Hussein: 'We got him' The capture of Saddam Hussein has been confirmed by Paul Bremer, head of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq who told a news conference: "Ladies and gentlemen we got him!" Saddam had been found hiding in a hole 6ft to 8ft deep at a remote farmhouse near Tikrit in an operation entitled Operation Red Dawn, which involved the 4th Infantry and special Coalition forces, the conference was told. Pictures of Saddam undergoing his medical tests after his capture were shown live at the press conference, and prompted wild cheers from journalists. T online, 14.12.2003.
corpus > breaking the news > contraste present perfect / prétérit > 999 call transcript > Mr Savident: "I've been stabbed." Operator: "When did this happen?"
Le début du dialogue ci-après enchaîne present perfect et prétérit selon le mode :
1 - apport d'information -> present perfect. 2 - "placement" du fait rapporté dans le temps chronologique / apport d'information d'ordre temporel / reprise d'information -> prétérit.
1 - apport d'information -> present perfect : I've been stabbed.
Ce qui est présent, ce n'est pas nécessairement l'information relatée, mais l'apport d'information, qui s'effectue par la médiation de l'auxiliaire have. Glose : moi, énonciateur, je t'annonce que / j'ai cette information pour toi...
Annonciateur de l'information, have marque une discontinuité avec le passé temporel et linguistique, tout en visant directement le co-énonciateur (// auxiliaire avoir en français : Non mais tu as entendu ce que je te dis ?!). L'implication du co-énonciateur est encore plus évidente lorsque l'auxiliaire est contracté ('ve). Le sujet est littéralement phagocyté par le prédicat :
Hypocrite You've heard what I've said You've read what I wrote ... http://www.geocities.com/aggirl3/page8.html
For seven and a half years you’ve heard what I have to say about things, watched me wrestle with issues, experienced my way of doing things, ... http://members.aol.com/yarmouthuu/WOWDec02.htm
Dans sa relation au co-énonciateur, le present perfect se situe ici à l'opposé du prétérit narratif. Avec le prétérit, l'écrivain fait semblant d'écrire l'histoire pour elle-même, prétend ne pas avoir de lecteur.
A noter que le fait rapporté au present perfect informatif peut se produire / s'être produit à l'instant (lire énoncés plus bas), ou il y a plusieurs années : Have you seen The Silence of the Lambs? Yes, I have. When did you see it? I saw it five years ago.
2 - "placement" du fait rapporté dans le temps chronologique / apport d'information d'ordre temporel / reprise d'information -> prétérit :
Mr Savident: "I've been stabbed. (Tells them phone number)" Operator: "When did this happen?" Savident: "Ten minutes, quarter of an hour ago."
L'anglais fonctionne ici différemment du français (passé composé dans les deux cas) : "On m'a poignardé" / "C'est arrivé quand ?"
Operator: "You are through to the ambulance. Tell me your telephone
number." The Coronation Street star then begins mumbling as he gradually loses strength. Savident: "I cannot see him. I am passing out. He has got all my
keys." (Pause). Savident: "What is important, you have got to keep this out of the
papers. (Pause. Savident can be heard mumbling. Mentions his car). Operator: "Is there anything stuck in any of your wounds?" (Pause. Savident mumbling). Operator: "Are you lying on the floor?" (Pause). Operator: "Have
you
been out tonight?" (Knocking at the front door. Other voices can be heard outside). Operator: "It sounded like a
female voice, that. It might be a police woman." (Voices heard in the background). Operator: "Don't worry, John. We will not go away." (Savident asks if the police will come in through the French windows at the front of his flat). Operator: "They will not come up a ladder." (End of tape). Coronation Street star's 999 call, BBC 1, 10.12.2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2562307.stm
Lorsque l'événement s'inscrit dans une chronologie (dernier événement en date dans une série), ou lorsqu'il est daté précisément (ex : Fri December 26, 2003 12:47 AM ET), le prétérit est souvent utilisé. Avec le prétérit, l'énonciateur ne fait pas que "mettre au passé" un événement / un énoncé. Il le relie à d'autres événements, à du déjà dit, du pré-énoncé. A la différence du present perfect, qui marque une rupture, une discontinuité, et vise à effacer toute référence, le prétérit peut fonctionner à la fois comme lien historique et lien énonciatif :
Top Official: Many Killed, Injured in Iran Quake
Fri December 26, 2003 12:47 AM ET
TEHRAN (Reuters) - An earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter struck southeastern Iran Friday, killing and injuring many people in the city of Bam, a senior Iranian official said. "There is a lot of dead and injured in Bam city and all the cooperation has been done to take them out," Mohammad Ali Karimi, governor of Kerman province, told state media. "There was a lot of damage in the city," he said. State radio said a lot of people were "buried" under debris in Bam. The official IRNA news agency said Red Crescent rescue teams had been dispatched to the quake-hit area in Kerman province. Quakes are a regular occurrence in Iran, which is crossed by several major fault lines in the earth's structure. Top Official: Many Killed, Injured in
Iran Quake, R, 26.12.2003,
Même information, autre média (édition web du Daily Telegraph), autre forme verbale ; à la rubrique Breaking news, en tête de tous les titres de la Une, le quotidien britannique utilise le present perfect. Dans cette accroche, le tremblement de terre n'est pas relié aux précédents, ni situé dans le temps chronologique :
Quake hits mud-brick city An earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale
has struck the ancient city of Bam, in
southeast Iran, Headline and §1, DT, 26.12.2003. Texte intégral de la Une.
A noter toutefois que certains média, dont l'agence Reuters, utilisent le prétérit pour traiter les informations qui viennent de tomber. Reuters situe précisément l'événement dans le temps chronologique.
10am update Dozens killed in Madrid bombs Simon Jeffery and agenciesThursday March 11, 2004 The Guardian More than 60 people were reported dead and many more injured this morning in a series of rush-hour explosions at Madrid train stations. The attack - Spain's deadliest-ever terrorist bombing - was blamed by Spanish authorities on the Basque separatist group Eta. It comes ahead of general election on Sunday. The bombs were detonated near simultaneously at 7.35am local time (6.35am GMT). The interior minister, Angel Acebes, said they went off without any warning. The largest was on a commuter train pulling into the city's main Atocha station. At least 40 people were killed as the explosion ripped out the central section of the red and white train carriage. Headline and first §§, G, 11.3.2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4877567-103482,00.html
Même événement, traitement verbal différent : Press Association (PA) privilégie le present perfect pour donner l'information essentielle. Le rédacteur passe ensuite au prétérit pour décrire et dater :
182 dead in Madrid rail station blasts Powerful explosions have rocked three Madrid train stations, killing 182 rush-hour commuters and wounding nearly 600. "This is a massacre," government spokesman Eduardo Zaplana said. Bombs exploded around 7.30am local time in a commuter train arriving at Atocha station, a bustling hub for subway, commuter and long-distance trains in Spain's capital. PA, headline and first §§, 11.3.2004.
Breaking News > autres énoncés au prétérit information-bilan > present perfect
Two US soldiers and an Iraqi translator were killed when a roadside bomb exploded near a US military convoy in Baghdad today. Two other soldiers from the 1st Armoured Division were wounded in the attack, which took place at about 11.45am (0845 GMT), a US military spokesman said. Three US soldiers have now been killed in combat in the past week, raising the combat death toll since the US-led invasion began in March to 317. Three killed in Baghdad bombing, G / Associated Press, 22.12.2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1111892,00.html
Pakistan Leader Survives Latest Attack, Minister Says
Thu December 25, 2003 06:20 AM ET By Mian Khursheed
RAWALPINDI, Pakistan (Reuters) - Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf narrowly survived a second assassination bid in less than two weeks Thursday when suicide car bombers attacked his motorcade, killing at least seven people and wounding 17. The blasts on the same main road in the city of Rawalpindi where Musharraf escaped an assassination bid on December 14, slightly damaged the president's armored Mercedes but he was unhurt, officials said. Headline and first §§, R, 25.12.2003, http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=4044166
Bomb Kills U.S. Soldier; Rockets Hit Baghdad
Thu December 25, 2003
BAGHDAD (Reuters) - About a dozen rockets and mortar rounds slammed into central Baghdad Thursday in fresh guerrilla attacks, as the U.S. military said an American soldier was killed by a roadside bomb. Headline and first §§, R, 25.12.2003, http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=4044063
Related
Anglonautes > Grammaire > Groupe Verbal > Present perfect > Valeurs > Bilan
|
|
www.anglonautes.com
|
