|
|
|
groupe verbal > past perfect (had aux + p. passé) > valeurs bilan sur une période passée, antériorité, hypothèse
The Guardian G2 p. 4 7.2.2007
Present perfect et past perfect (appelé aussi pluperfect) se construisent avec have auxiliaire.
Rappel : dans certaines grammaires, -EN est le symbole du participe passé, et non sa terminaison effective (ex : thought, taken, become, cut, worked).
Actif : have / had est suivi du participe passé. Present perfect : have + participe passé. Past perfect : had + participe passé.
Passif : have / had est suivi de been et du participe passé. Present perfect : have + been + participe passé. Past perfect : had + been + participe passé.
le past perfect (had aux + p. passé) sert notamment à faire un bilan, mais dans un contexte passé, sur une période révolue. Cette forme verbale s'insère donc dans un passage où les autres verbes sont au prétérit (concordance / cohérence des temps).
The Guardian Weekend
p. 8 20 December 2008
Border shelling overshadows U.S.-Pakistan-Afghan talks
KABUL/ISLAMABAD | Mon Jun 27, 2011
KABUL/ISLAMABAD (Reuters) - Fighting across the Pakistan-Afghanistan border will overshadow talks when the two countries meet along with the United States on Tuesday to map
out plans for reconciliation with the Taliban. it had fired [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ] 470 rockets into Afghanistan over the past three weeks, saying only that "a few accidental rounds" may have crossed the border when it
pursued militants who had attacked its security forces. between Pakistan's ethnic Pashtun tribal areas and Afghanistan has underscored the difficulties the three countries face in working together to reach
a political settlement to the 10-year Afghan war.
Border shelling overshadows U.S.-Pakistan-Afghan talks, R,
27.6.2011,
From Bloody Scene to E.R., Life-Saving Choices in Tucson
January 14, 2011
TUCSON — The moment Tony Compagno stepped off his fire engine,
frantic people spattered with blood began running up to direct
him to gunshot victims. Mr. Compagno was one of the first paramedics to reach
the scene of the shooting rampage at a shopping center in
Tucson last Saturday. from Fire Station 30 the in Northwest Fire/Rescue District of Tucson.
(...)
A First Funeral
come through the doors of the trauma center last Saturday —
except for Christina. He did not ask from whom the invitation came. Was it from the family? Or did the nurses planning to share a bus to join the thousands of mourners seek him out? It did not matter.
Without hesitating, he decided he would go. He was too busy attending to other patients, so it fell to a pediatric specialist to tell them the outcome.
And he did not meet them Thursday either.
“I think I would have
had trouble. I would have had emotional ...” He closed his eyes for just a moment and sighed once more.
“I usually don’t get upset.” police officers helped [ prétérit ] him move through the overflow crowd waiting outside the church.
He was
ushered right in.
[ prétérit
passif ] he had ever attended a patient’s funeral. [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ]
From Bloody Scene to
E.R., Life-Saving Choices in Tucson, NYT, 14.1.2011,
Hospitals Send Bill After Mental Patients Pursue Damages
December 24, 2010
Daniel J. Langevin was [ prétérit ] 35, mentally ill and broke. He had been living in psychiatric institutions on and off since his early 20s.
[ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect
en -ing ]
remembered that Mr. Langevin had pain in his jaw, eye and face that was not getting much attention from the staff.
A week later, he was discovered unconscious, with a near-fatal infection
spreading to his brain and other organs. But the state countered by demanding that Mr. Langevin reimburse it $1.7 million for 10 years of inpatient care he had received.
A judge sided with the state, and Mr. Langevin wound up with nothing.
Hospitals Send Bill
After Mental Patients Pursue Damages, NYT, 25.12.2010,
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Iraq had [ prétérit ] no stockpiles of biological and chemical weapons before last year's U.S.-led invasion and its nuclear program had decayed [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ] since the 1991 Gulf War, a weapons inspector appointed by the Bush administration said [ prétérit ] on Wednesday. U.S.
Inspector at Odds with Bush on Iraq Weapons, R,
Wed Oct 6, 2004 11:58 AM ET,
A statement released on behalf of the company that owns the transporter, Elliott Sargeant of Totton, Southhampton, said [ prétérit ] it was [ prétérit ] "devastated". It had been [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ] the first accident involving one of its vehicles in more than eight years of trading.
Five killed as pile-up brings M1 to a halt, GI, p. 7, 12.6.2003,
Mr Blunkett also confirmed [ prétérit ] that police numbers had reached [ bilan > past perfect ] a record high of 136,386, breaking the government's target by nearly 4,000 six months early.
Bring back our bobby, say gun
victim's daughters
:
2. Past perfect > Valeurs > Marquage de l'antériorité par rapport à un fait passé (past > prétérit)
Fifty years ago, on Saturday, February 28, 1953, two young scientists walked [ prétérit ] into the Eagle, a dingy pub in Cambridge, England, and announced [ concordance des temps > prétérit ] to the lunchtime crowd that they had discovered [ antériorité > past perfect ] the secret of life. Double Helix Leaps Fom Lab to Real Life, NYT/Le Monde, 9/10.3.2003.
---- A (had discovered ) ----------------- B (walked / announced / 28.02.1953) ------------------------------------------>
Freed From Prison, Long Island Man Takes to Pulpit
December 24, 2010
CORAM, N.Y. — A Long Island man whose prison sentence in the fatal shooting a 17-year-old in front of his home was commuted by Gov. David A. Paterson said [ prétérit ] Friday that he was haunted [ prétérit passif ] by what he had done. [ antériorité > past perfect ]
Freed From Prison, Long
Island Man Takes to Pulpit, NYT, 24.12.2010,
ALEXANDRIA, La. (AP) -- Police shot to death [ prétérit ] a man who had shot [ antériorité > past perfect ] five people in a downtown law office and holed up in the building for hours, firing at officers and holding two victims inside.
Police Kill Man Who Shot 5 at La. Office, NYT, 5.10.2007,
FALLUJA, Iraq, Nov. 8 - The two marines were pinned down [ prétérit passif ] on a roof on Monday, pressing themselves against a low, crumbling wall as insurgents fired rocket-propelled grenades at them from a
building near the middle of town. over a railroad embankment - a berm, to the engineering-minded - and started their advance into this rebel-held city.
Urban Warfare Deals Harsh Challenge to Troops, NYT, 9.11.2004,
It was [ prétérit ] a scene from hell. When the Italian coastguards boarded [ prétérit ] the dilapidated wooden fishing boat in high seas on Sunday, flying no colours and with no name, they found [ prétérit ] 15 survivors and 13 corpses. They had been warned [ antériorité > past perfect ] what to expect. The first craft on the scene, an Italian fishing boat, had spotted [ antériorité > past perfect ] the living and the dead mixed up together. They had tossed [ antériorité > past perfect ] bottles of water and bread across to the survivors, but the seas were too high for them to risk boarding. When the coastguards arrived, [ prétérit ] they found [ prétérit ] the deck littered with bodies, while those left alive were [ prétérit ] wailing for help. They were [ prétérit ] at their last gasp, human skeletons. Strewn with corpses, another refugee
ship offloads its carg, I, 21.10, 2003,
Le prétérit peut, lui aussi, marquer l'antériorité par rapport à un fait passé :
his 'unique knowledge' compelled him to inform police he believed husband killed two infant sons
Professor stands by baby
murder claim, G, 12.6.2004,
3. Formulation d'une hypothèse syntaxe > past perfect inversé (Had + GNs + p. passé)
Musicians speculate endlessly about what Mozart might have achieved had he not died at the miserably early age of 35. This Week's Top Picks, WSJE/Personal Journal), p. P8, 7/9.3.2003.
Voir aussi / Related
Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise > Groupe verbal > Formes verbales > Present perfect
|
|
www.anglonautes.com
|
