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groupe verbal > confusions > sémantisme GNS + used + to viseur -> (BV) GNS + be / get + used adjectif + to préposition + forme nominale (GN / -ing) use + GN (utiliser, se servir de) be used + to + BV (utiliser au passif > être utilisé pour...)
Rick McKee Augusta, Georgia, The Augusta Chronicle Cagle 20 September 2010
The Guardian Weekend p. 8 26.11.2005
Created in 1948 by
Nicholas P. Dallis 19.1.2005
The Guardian p. 1 21.3.2007
contraste passé / présent
GNS + used + to viseur -> BV faire / être quelque chose autrefois, parfois de façon continue ou régulière, parfois non, mais maintenant c'est fini :
I used to love you. I used to be very wealthy. I used to play the violin. I used to be a Christian. I used to have so much respect for you I Used to Be a Superwoman. The girl I used to be.
≠
GNS + be + used adjectif + to préposition + forme nominale avoir l'habitude de faire quelque chose dans le présent
Tears on my pillow
I’m not used to this [ used adjectif + to préposition + forme nominale ] I want it how it used to be [ used + to viseur -> BV ]
Kevon Edmonds, No Love/
Copié 2.2.2005.
≠
be + used (passif) + to viseur -> BV être utilisé pour / servir à
Observe how radar was used to map Venus.
How did the British use a census? A - It was used
to keep
families together.
BV + - ing = forme nominalisée / groupe en fonction nominale. Cette forme peut être remplacée par un GN / N / pronom.
-ing nominalise le verbe et ses compléments.
La séquence en -ing forme un GN complexe qui pourrait être utilisé comme GN sujet.
Par exemple, ci-dessous (1), le GN complexe pourrait être le sujet d'un autre énoncé : Being the less attractive partner + GV...
1 - In her relationship with Blair, she was always used to being the less attractive partner - she was the brains and he was the brawn. The court of Cherie, GE/GE2, p. 4, 06.12.2002.
February 7,
2011
We’re used to hearing about public initiatives that get mired in politics or entangled in bureaucracy, but we rarely hear about programs that exceed expectations. So here’s one: last week marked the one-year anniversary of a program called text4baby, a service that sends free text messages to women who are pregnant or whose babies are less than a year old, providing
them with information, and reminders, to improve their health and the health of
their babies.
Mothers-to-Be Are Getting the Message, NYT, 7.2.2011,
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/07/pregnant-mothers-are-getting-the-message/
It is mid-afternoon and 13 "housewives" quietly slip a hefty dose of gin into their camomile tea while the washing is on. Down the road, hungover punters are hooked up to oxygen. In the ballroom, couples are wheeling elegantly in circles as Lucifire and the Flaming Doo Dits play "horror swing" cover versions of Christina Aguilera. Welcome to Lost Vagueness, a twisted, disorientating and hidden corner of Glastonbury 2004 that defies the claim that the corporate, cleaned-up festival is not what it used to be. Viva Lost Vagueness! : Hidden corner defies claim event is not what it was, G, 26.6.2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/glastonbury2004/story/0,14551,1247845,00.html
Michael Mansfield is used to being vilified for his links to radical causes and his glossy lifestyle. (…) « I’m used to criticism of all kinds. » The man they love to hate, GE2, p. 4, 17.9.2002.
Get used to a better view. Meet the new Ford fusion. Taller for a more commanding view. Tougher to handle life in the city. (...) tall. tough. the new fordfusion, ad, T, p. 3, 18.10.2002.
He has come a long way since his days in Genesis, when he used to dress up on stage in outrageous costumes. Don’t hurry, be happy, GE2, p. 14, 19.9.2002.
You’re probably used to having people with disabilities around.
I used to earn a living from my legs.
I worked
for a circus, where I rode astride elephants.
Genetic screening is here to stay. So it’s time we got used to it and began to appreciate the benefits. Headline, GE, p. 8, 3.9.2002.
The BBC used to be really good but it’s absolute rubbish now. Roll up, roll up, GE2, p. 7, 21.8.2002.
be + used (passif) + to viseur -> BV servir à, être utilisé pour
Iraq said the Al Hakum factory was used to produce animal feed. Finally they admitted it was a weapons plant and we blew it up. 'Even if Iraq managed to hide these weapons, what they are now hiding is harmless goo, GE2, p. 7, 19.9.2002.
used est ici le "participe passé" de use (symbole du participe passé = -EN). Le GV est au prétérit passif.
Michael Crawford in rehearsal for "Dance of the Vampires." Computers are used to program the complex stage effects in the play.
Même structure qu'à l'énoncé précédent, mais au présent.
Voir aussi
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www.anglonautes.com
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