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 be + -ing > anaphores

be + -ing    /    be + being + participe passé    /    modal + be + -ing

 

anaphores en -ing / be + -ing

 

Reprise / référence / reformulation / développement / commentaire / explication

présupposé / conséquence / inférence

 

Référenciation linguistique avec développement logique / attendu

(Une ci-dessous)

et / ou référenciation extralinguistique (visuelle / contextuelle)

(cartoons 1 et 2)

 

Différence avec le présent simple

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jeff Koterba

Omaha World Herald, NE

Cagle

3.2.2006
http://cagle.msnbc.com/politicalcartoons/PCcartoons/koterba.asp

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Joe Heller

Wisconsin

The Green Bay Press-Gazette

Cagle

2  August 2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Guardian        Film & Music        p. 10       14.10.2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Guardian > G2        p. 1        27.72005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    1.    Le texte ci-dessous comprend deux déclencheurs de be + -ing :

 

 

 

 

    - anaphore textuelle (ici référence à du déjà énoncé).

      Cette référenciation est marquée par -ing, qui est ici la trace du déjà écrit, déjà lu, déjà perçu.

 

    - commentaire de l'énonciateur, qui souligne, recadre, met en évidence le sens d'un énoncé.

      Sous-entendu :

      mais est-ce que vous vous rendiez compte ... ?, Vous avez vu ça ?, Vous avez bien vu / lu ?

 

 

It is past nine now. UM 006 has begun to put out a subtle gamey smell, the mild but unmistakable fetor of a butcher's shop on a hot day. John Cavanaugh calls down that there's pizza upstairs, and the three of us, Deb, Matt Mason and I, leave the dead man by himself. It feels a little rude.

By half past eleven, all that remains is to get UM 006 into driving posture. He is slumped and leaning to one side. Cavanaugh takes the cadaver by the ankles and pushes back on him, to try to get him to sit up in the seat. He steps back. The cadaver slides toward him. He pushes again. This time he holds him while Matt encircles UM 006's knees and the entire circumference of the car seat with duct tape. "This probably won't make it into the '101 Uses' list," observes Matt.

"His head's wrong," says John. "It needs to be straight ahead." More duct tape. The radio is playing the Romantics' That's What I Like About You.

"He's slumping again."

"Try the winch?" Deb loops a canvas strap under his arms and presses a button that raises a ceiling-mounted motor winch. The cadaver shrugs, slowly, and holds it, like a Borscht Belt comedian. He lifts slightly from his seat, and is lowered back down, sitting straighter now. "Good, perfect," says John.

Everyone steps back. UM 006 has a comic's timing. He waits a beat, two beats, then slips forward again. You have to laugh. The absurdity of the scene and the punch-drunk hour are making it hard not to. Deb gets some pieces of foam to prop up his back, which seems to do the trick.

Matt runs a final check of the connections. The radio - I'm not making this up - is playing Hit Me with Your Best Shot. Five more minutes pass. Matt fires the piston. It sounds a loud bang as it shoots out, though the impact itself is silent. UM 006 falls over, not like a villain shot in a Hollywood movie, but slowly, like an off-balance laundry sack. He falls over onto a foam pad set out for this purpose, and John and Deb step forward to steady him. And that's that. Without the screech of skidding tires and the crunch and fold of metal, an impact is neither violent nor disturbing. Distilled to its essence, controlled and planned, it is now simply science, no longer tragedy.

    Extracted from Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers by Mary Roach. To order a copy for £12.99 plus p&p (rrp £14.99), call the Guardian book service on 0870 066 7979. Published by Viking on July 3. © Mary Roach 2003

    'The smell is not too bad today', GI/G2, p. 14, 26.6.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.    Anaphore contextuelle

 

 

 

 

Une anaphore ne renvoie pas toujours à un déjà-écrit textuel.

Le titre de l'article ci-dessous, publié en octobre 2003, fait référence à un déjà-dit contextuel.

La question de savoir si l'on peut à nouveau passer ses vacances à Bali - Going back to Bali? - n'a rien de neuf ;

nombre de touristes se la posent depuis les attentats de 2002.

 

 

Should we be going back to Bali?

 

A year after the bombings, the Foreign Office still says no - but the French and Germans say yes.

John Aglionby visits the island to find out

    Headline, G, 11.10.2003, http://travel.guardian.co.uk/countries/story/0,7451,1060365,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Big Brother

Nineteen Eighty-Four        (Michael Radford, 1984)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    3.    Anaphore textuelle, contextuelle et visuelle

 

 

 

 

Autre exemple d'anaphore, tiré du roman 1984 de George Orwell ;

le personnage principal, Winston, vit dans un monde totalitaire

où le portrait du dictateur, Big Brother, est omniprésent :

 

 

    Outside, even through the shut window-pane, the world looked cold.

Down in the street little eddies of wind were whirling dust and torn paper into spirals,

and though the sun was shining and the sky a harsh blue,

there seemed to be no colour in anything, except the posters that were plastered everywhere.

The black-moustachio'd face gazed down from every commanding corner.

There was one on the house-front immediately opposite.

BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption said, while the dark eyes looked deep into Winston's own.

    Nineteen Eighty-Four, p. 2, 1968 Penguin edition.

 

 

 

    Le fait que Big Brother, et sa Thought Police, infiltrent et surveillent la population en permanence, est connu de tous.

    L'avertissement n'est pas nouveau, il est sans cesse répété, ré-énoncé (fonction de be).

 

    L'anaphore est ici à la fois :

    - contextuelle (référence à un fait bien connu de l'opinion).

    - textuelle (démultiplication des affiches, qui se reflètent les unes les autres).

    - visuelle (le slogan renvoie aux yeux de Big Brother -> Glose : au cas où vous en doutiez, voici les yeux du dictateur, JE vous surveille, soyez-en sûr).

 

    A l'inverse des anaphores qui apportent un complément d'information via une reformulation (étymologie : ana-phore > porter vers le haut),

    BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU est une forme totalitaire

    qui ne renvoie qu'à elle-même, se reproduit à l'identique, à l'infini,

    et ne peut connaître de développement.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Guardian > Work        p. 1        24.9.2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Guardian        p. 4        20.2.2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    4.    Anaphore > Commentaire / point de vue

 

 

 

 

    Dans les énoncés suivants,

    extraits d'un article du Herald (A Season of hope for economy),

    be + -ing a fonction de commentaire, avec une valeur emphatique (This is ...).

   

    Cet article, au centre de la première page de l'International Herald Tribune,

    est présenté comme une News Analysis.

    Le texte n'est pas informatif.

    Le journaliste revient sur / reprend / commente

    des données économiques qui sont supposées connues,

    puisque au-dessus de cette analyse figure l'article informatif :

 

 

    U.S. growth rate jumps to 7.2%

    Quarterly figure is highest since '84, but pace may slow as tax cuts wane

    Headline / sub, IHT, http://www.iht.com/ihtsearch.php?id=115318&owner=(NYT)&date=20031031121947

 

 

    A la différence de l'analyse, cet article informatif ne comprend aucune occurrence de be + -ing,

    sauf dans deux citations, l'une d'un économiste et l'autre du président George W. Bush,

    qui font chacun un commentaire à tonalité emphatique / volontariste, une fois l'information connue :

 

    "It looks like the economy is shrugging off its lethargy,"

    said Richard Rippe, chief economist of Prudential Securities.

    (...)

    Speaking to campaign donors in Columbus after the report,

    Bush said: "We're laying the foundations for greater prosperity."

 

 

 

    A la différence du texte informatif, le commentaire comprend plusieurs formes en be + -ing.

    En voici le début :

 

 

A season of hope for economy

This is the autumn of economic optimism.

 

Profits are soaring, the U.S. economy is expanding at its fastest rate in nearly two decades

and there are signs that businesses are finally beginning to hire.

That is in sharp contrast to the U.S. outlook just last winter. In February, share prices were falling,

the economy was stumbling along at a 1.4 percent growth rate.

The talk among many seers was of the failure of fiscal and monetary easing to rescue the economy.

The specter of Japan-style deflation loomed.

    Headline and first §§, IHT, p.1, 31.10.2003, http://www.iht.com/articles/115855.html  

 

 

 

 

 

    Titre-commentaire extrait de la page Comment du Times :

 

 

Farmers are harvesting a bumper crop of red tape

 

A blizzard of crazy regulations is threatening the country's side future

    Headline / sub, T, p. 20, 5.11.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Autres commentaires en be + -ing

 

 

 

 

Wall Street pulls back

 

Wall Street pulled back as wary investors decided to cash in

recent gains despite upbeat news on IBM Corp. and Intel Corp.

Analysts said many investors were again questioning current stock valuation levels

after several weeks of advances.

A suicide car bombing in Saudi Arabia that killed 17 people over the weekend also weighed on stocks.

"People are being guarded," said Paul McManus, senior vice president and director of research at Independence Investment LLC.

"People are looking at the market

and wondering, 'Have I missed the rally, can I continue to be aggressive at these levels?"'

    Headline, sub and first §§, PA, 11.11.2003.

 

 

 

Commentaires du Financial Times

(avec photo et nom en gros caractères du journaliste

au-dessus de chaque premier paragraphe -> mise en évidence de l'énonciateur).

 

L'anaphore prend ici diverses formes :

simple reformulation de l'énoncé-titre de départ, sans apport majeur d'information (énoncés 1a-3),

reprise d'un titre allusif avec développement informatif (les investisseurs se trompent - 2).

 

Dans ce type d'énoncés en be + -ing,

le commentateur revient sur un fait marquant, une donnée significative, en se mettant en avant.

Son point de vue diffère de celui du journaliste d'agence anonyme qui rédige une dépêche,

ou du journaliste de la presse audiovisuelle qui décrit un match ou un événement

(information / description au présent perfect simple ou au présent simple).

 

 

1 -    Protectionism emerges from dustbin of history

 

A spectre is haunting the global economy; the spectre of protectionism.

This force is most powerful in the US,

where the $500bn trade deficit is encouraging some to propose desperate measures.

    Headline and first §, FT, 8/9.11.2003.   

 

 

 

2 -    Spicy menu of Asian opportunity

 

The international investors currently piling into Asia are missing the point.

    Headline and first §, FT, 8/9.11.2003.   

 

 

 

3 -    Junk bonds making a comeback as companies diversify their finances

 

European companies are beginning to overcome their reluctance to make use of "junk bonds".

    Headline and first §, FT, 8/9.11.2003.   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

        5.    Anaphore > pas d'information / les mots pour le redire > stase

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    6.    Anaphore > reformulation simple sans commentaire

 

 

 

Qaeda Ally May Target U.S. Theaters, Schools -Report

 

Sun Mar 13, 2005
04:42 PM ET

 

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, al Qaeda's chief ally in Iraq,

may be planning attacks on "soft targets" in the United States

including movie theaters, restaurants and schools,

Time magazine reported on Sunday.

White House national security adviser Stephen Hadley would not discuss the specific warning,

which Time said was circulated among U.S. security agencies last week in a restricted bulletin.

But he said the administration was concerned about reports -- "which we think are very credible" --

that Zarqawi is working more closely with Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda organization.

    Qaeda Ally May Target U.S. Theaters, Schools -Report, R, Sun Mar 13, 2005 04:42 PM ET,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=ZP4CORC0QLUUOCRBAEKSFFA?type=topNews&storyID=7885753

 

 

 

 

 

BA wages long-haul price war

 

Top California fares to be cut by 42 per cent

British Airways is extending the savage airline price war to long-haul routes

with a summer offensive that will see ticket prices fall by up to 42 per cent.

    Headline, sub and §1, O, 23.5.2004, http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,1222567,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

US probes deaths of 37 Afghan and Iraqi detainees

 

American investigators are investigating the deaths of 37 detainees held

in US custody in Iraq and Afghanistan, it emerged yesterday.

    Headline and §1, O, 23.5.2004, http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1222807,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Indian television crews and photographers had turned out in droves to the event

after rumours that Bollywood's reigning queen and the female lead of the film, Aishwarya Rai,

was to plant a kiss on the Prince's cheek

as one of her predecessors had done on a royal visit two decades ago.

There was disappointment, however,

when it was learned that the former Miss World would not be meeting her Prince,

due to the overrunning of filming on location in Southern India.

        Article sur la visite de Prince Charles en Inde, Times, p. 15, 11.2003.

 

    Traduction explicative :

    ... lorsque l'on a appris que l'ex-Miss Monde ne rencontrerait pas,

    comme prévu / annoncé / pré-énoncé, son Prince ...

 

 

 

 

 

Enoncé premier

rumours that Bollywood's reigning queen and the female lead of the film, Aishwarya Rai,

was to plant a kiss on the Prince's cheek

 

 

Equivalences théoriques / Reformulations

the female lead of the film, Aishwarya Rai was to meet the Prince

the female lead of the film, Aishwarya Rai will meet the Prince

 

 

Anaphore / Reformulation / Reprise des équivalences

the former Miss World would be meeting her Prince

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Branson eyes £1bn float for Virgin Mobile

 

Britain's favourite businessman Richard Branson

is considering a stock market flotation for Virgin Mobile,

which will value it at about £1 billion.   

    Headline and §1, O, 18.1.2004, http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,1125392,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    7.    Anaphore textuelle / contextuelle > reformulation > effet emphatique

 

 

 

 

 

Mike Lane

Baltimore Sun

Cagle

5.3.2004
http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/cartoons/
http://cagle.slate.msn.com/politicalcartoons/PCcartoons/lane.asp

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The pharmacy rip-offs   

Why you could be paying too much for your favourite product

    Headline and sub, ES, p. 24, 3.2.2004.   

   

pharmacy rip-offs        =        paying too much for your favourite product   

 

 

 

 

 

While Tony Blair travels the world, the world is travelling here.

As Oliver Letwin has pledged,

under the Conservatives there'll be 80,000 fewer asylum seekers - and 40,000 more police officers.

    'Get out of our way - the Quiet Man is staying": The following is an edited text of Iain Duncan Smith's speech, T, 10.10.2003. 

 

 

 

Record industry claims it is winning the battle against illegal music downloads   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    8.    Anaphore en -ing / be + -ing

simple reprise / peu ou pas de développement informatif

 

 

 

 

Larry Wright

Detroit, Michigan, The Detroit News

Cagle

3 August 2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IRA threats continue say McCartneys

 

Witnesses still intimidated, sisters claim

Witnesses to the murder of Robert McCartney are still being intimidated,

his family alleged yesterday

as it emerged that detectives are questioning

a man expelled by the organisation in connection with the Belfast bar killing.

    Headline, sub and §1, G, 10.3.2005, http://www.guardian.co.uk/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,2763,1434218,00.html

 

   

    L'article ci-dessus, en première page du Guardian, n'est pas le premier sur ce sujet ;

    la veille, le Guardian avait déjà titré sur la famille McCartney.

    La séquence being intimidated , qui précise l'information du titre,

    s'insère par ailleurs dans un continuum énonciatif plus général.

 

 

 

 

 

Silence from Mars: hopes fade for missing Beagle

 

Hopes are fading for Beagle 2,

the British space probe that was due to touch down on Mars early on Christmas day.

Efforts to detect the probe's radio signal,

which would indicate the Beagle had landed safely, have so far drawn a blank.

    Headline and §1, G, 27.12.2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/spacedocumentary/story/0,2763,1112915,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Hutton: 48% think Blair lied

 

Poll reveals public pressure for resignation if PM criticised

Tony Blair is losing the battle for public opinion on two key issues

- the Hutton inquiry and tuition fees -

that will next week determine the fate of his premiership,

according to the results of this month's Guardian/ICM opinion poll.

    Headline, sub and §1, G, 20.1.2004, http://politics.guardian.co.uk/polls/story/0,11030,1126904,00.html    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anaphore renvoyant à une page précédente

+

mise au passif

 

 

Microsoft refines image after EU ruling

Titre en page 9, International Herald Tribune, mai 2004 (page de droite)

 

 

le lecteur tourne la page :

 

 

MICROSOFT: Its image is being refined

Suite de l'article > Titre en page 10 (page de gauche)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Autre anaphore (en -ing) renvoyant à une page précédente :

 

 

Fireman awakes

A brain-damaged firefighter has suddenly begun to speak again after almost a decade in a coma

Information en première page de l'édition électronique du Times (5.5.2005).

Un clic sur Fireman awakes affiche l'article :

 


Alive again after a decade of silence

From James Bone in New York

THE wife of a brain-damaged American fireman who suddenly began speaking again
after almost a decade of silence said yesterday that the family was trying to
cope with the “incredible experience”.

The Times, 5.5.2005, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,11069-1598195,00.html
 

 

 

 

Voir aussi

begin + to -> BV  / begin + -ing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.    Anaphore > Développement informatif / reformulation

 

 

 

Donor stem cells restore sight

 

Therapy which kickstarts repair could cut transplant need

A pioneering stem cell treatment is restoring sight to patients

who had given up hope of their eyes recovering from chemical accidents or disease,

the surgeon behind the procedure said yesterday.

    Headline, sub and §1, G, 29.4.2005, http://society.guardian.co.uk/health/story/0,7890,1472897,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Children's Fund faces 40% cut

 

Protest meeting on threat to Brown's pet scheme

One of Gordon Brown's pet programmes,

which he hailed as a new front in Labour's "war on poverty" four years ago,

is facing a 40% budget cut which threatens to shut some children's charities.    

    Headline, sub and §1, G, 11.2.2004, http://politics.guardian.co.uk/publicservices/story/0,11032,1145338,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

US Anglicans plot to break up church

 

American Anglican traditionalists are plotting the break-up

of their national church and the creation of a new fundamentalist church

in the wake of its consecration of the openly gay bishop Gene Robinson.    

    Headline and §1, G, 15.1.2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/religion/Story/0,2763,1123414,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

NHS sues drug companies over price-fixing claims

 

The NHS is suing seven pharmaceutical companies for £30m

over allegations that they fixed the price of common antibiotics,

it has emerged

    Headline and §1, G, 22.12.2003, http://society.guardian.co.uk/publicfinances/story/0,12671,1111890,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Retailers braced for a miserable Christmas as shares tumble

 

High Street retailers are hoping for a last minute surge in sales

as they face the prospect of the worst trading Christmas in years.

    Headline and §1, I, 29.9.2003, http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/story.jsp?story=468309

 

 

 

 

 

UK warns of more terrorist attacks

 



The Foreign Office warned today that more terrorist attacks are being planned in Turkey

and urged British citizens not to travel to any major city in the country

    Web frontpage headline, sub and photo, I, 21.11.2003. Full text: http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/story.jsp?story=465781

 

 

 

 

 

Heads want safer buses for children

 

Head teachers are calling for a shake-up of the legislation governing school transport

in England and Wales,

claiming that animals carried on trucks

are safer than the hundreds of thousands of youngsters

ferried to and from school on sub-standard buses.

    Headline and §1, G, 20.11.2003, http://education.guardian.co.uk/schools/story/0,5500,1088895,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Black faces illegal payments inquiry

 

Conrad Black, the owner of The Daily Telegraph,

is facing an investigation by American regulators into his financial affairs

after unauthorised payments he received at Hollinger International

forced his resignation as the group's chief executive yesterday.

    Headline and first §, I, 18.11.2003, http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/story.jsp?story=464817

 

 

 

 

 

Pretend you are gay, Church tells worshippers

 

Grassroots members of the Church of England are being urged to pretend

to be gay to help them to better understand homosexuality.

Bishops are urging worshippers to "walk in the moccasins"

of those they disagree with by taking part in role-play in parish groups.

    Headline and §§ 1-2, T, 5.11.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

Disgruntled peers sabotage Blair's legislative plans

 

Tony Blair fears that his legislative programme is being sabotaged by hereditary peers

who have helped to inflict 63 defeats on the Government in the House of Lords this year,

the highest number since 1976.

    Headline and § 1, T, 5.11.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

One drop of blood can show diseases

 

A technique used to study light from distant galaxies is helping geneticists

trying to diagnose diseases from a single drop of blood.

    Headline and § 1, T, 5.11.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.    Anaphore > conséquence / explication > tonalité neutre ou emphatique

 

 

 

Loomus        Steven Appleby        The Guardian        Family        p. 2        24.12.2005

 

 

 

 

 

Enoncé en be + -ing (case 4) :

s'il se superpose au temps de l'énonciation

(Loomus fait et prétend dire / commenter ce qu'il fait en même temps),

cet énoncé a essentiellement une valeur non pas temporelle,

mais anaphorique (référence, réponse) et démonstrative :

Si je suis sage, c'est que / parce que je suis en train d'écrire une lettre au Père Noël.

Puisque tu me le demandes, j'écris une lettre...

Mais tu ne vois donc pas que j'écris une lettre ?!

 

 

Le lecteur familier du comics sait que Loomus est un gamin insupportable,

qui prépare sans cesse des coups avec ses amis les monstres.

Sa mère ne peut donc que s'étonner d'un tel calme :

replacée dans un contexte plus général, sa question est tout sauf neutre.

Sous-entendu : Je m'étonne de te voir aussi calme / Qu'est-ce que tu peux bien manigancer ?

La réponse est cinglante, en dépit des apparences :

be + -ing contribue ici à orienter le sémantisme premier (I-write a letter to Santa)

vers la contradiction, le sarcasme, le mensonge.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gary Markstein

Copley News Service

Cagle

13.1.2006
http://cagle.msnbc.com/politicalcartoons/PCcartoons/markstein.asp

Background
http://www.cagle.com/news/AlitoHearings/main.asp

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dans le titre ci-dessous, now ne doit pas faire illusion.

Ce marqueur de temps ne déclenche pas ici be + -ing.

 

La question en be + -ing

- présupposante -

est une conséquence logique de l'affirmation

Age discrimination will soon be illegal...

 

Cette question n'en est pas une,

et les trois points de suspension ont une valeur sémantique équivalant à donc.

 

 

 

 

The Guardian        Work        p. 1        25.2.2006

Out with the old?
From October, new ageism rules will mean laying off older staff could cost firms dear.
Get rid of them now and the penalties are lower. What's a boss to do? By Ian Wylie and Chris Ball

The Guardian        Work        p. 3        Saturday February 25, 2006
http://money.guardian.co.uk/work/story/0,,1717355,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    Dans le texte ci-dessous,

    la première séquence en -ing

    est une reformulation / développement de l'information du titre et du sous-titre.

 

    Valeur du deuxième énoncé en be + -ing : l'explication emphatique.

 

    A noter le ":" explicatif - rare en anglais - dans

    But Google differs from the other dotcoms

    that rushed to join the stock market in a key respect: it is making money.

 

 

Microsoft runs search for a way to take over internet giant Google

The phenomenal success of Google, the internet search engine, has attracted the attention of the biggest name in hi-tech business, the Microsoft founder Bill Gates.

Microsoft is said to be pursuing talks to buy the Silicon Valley firm. Google, which was started from scratch five years ago by two Stanford computer science graduate students, was recently valued at between $15bn and $25bn.

According to a report in the New York Times, Microsoft executives have approached Google about a range of options, including a takeover by the software company, at meetings in the past two months.

(...)

The story of Google's rise recalls the tales of internet entrepreneurs during the gold rush of the late 90s. Sergey Brin and Larry Page were just 25 when they set the business up in 1998 from Mr Brin's dorm room. Its name was a play on the word "googol", coined for the number represented by one followed by 100 zeros.

These days the business operates from offices, called the Googleplex, which bear the usual hallmarks of a dotcom firm, including the lava lamps and staff on scooters.

But Google differs from the other dotcoms that rushed to join the stock market in a key respect: it is making money. It is expected to produce around $800m in revenues this year and up to $200m in profits, generated by selling advertising that appears alongside search results. It also licenses its technology to companies such as America Online.

    Headline and first §§, G, 1.11.2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/news/0,12597,1075604,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

    Article suivant : l'énoncé en be + -ing donne l'explication du titre, l'argument.

    Si notre machine de guerre devient folle,

    c'est que / parce que des milliards sont dépensés en pure perte dans des projets inutiles.

 

 

 

The folly of our war machine

 

Billions are being wasted on defence projects

that will have no place in the type of future conflict Britain is likely to face 

    Comment, headline and sub, G, 27.1.2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/military/story/0,11816,1132071,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Une femme a reçu un embryon cloné,

donc elle espère donner naissance au premier être humain cloné :

 

Cloned embryo implanted in woman

 

A 35-year-old woman is hoping to give birth to the world's first cloned human being

after a freshly-cloned embryo was implanted in her,

US reproductive specialist Dr Panos Zavos has announced.

    Headline and sub, Ananova, 19.1.2004, http://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_856883.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    11.    Marquage du connu / présupposé par -ing > refrains du discours familier

 

    Be + -ing est souvent utilisé dans les textes publicitaires

    pour présenter un produit comme étant déjà connu, faisant partie du quotidien.

 

    Ci-dessous, downing a Hen fait référence à

    une habitude supposée bien connue du lecteur (le renard en bleu / le lecteur) : boire de la bière Hen.

    -ing fait entrer own-a-Hen dans le discours familier, routinier, prévisible, préfabriqué.

    Equivalent en français : J'me-taperais-bien-une-Kro-moi (Kro = bière Kronenbourg).

    Glose : Comme tu le sais, je préfèrerais / j'aimerais bien ->  boire / descendre / me taper une Hen.

 

 

 

 

 

Guardian frontpage    14.5.2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Guardian        19.6.2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Larry Wright

The Detroit News

Cagle

16.4.2004
http://cagle.slate.msn.com/politicalcartoons/PCcartoons/wright.asp

U.S. President George W. Bush

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Americans admit

hand of Saddam may be guiding resistance operations against occupiers

(...)

The growing view that the former Iraqi leader may be co-ordinating the resistance,

which claimed yet another soldier's life yesterday,

was first reported by The New York Times yesterday.

The revelation is bound to heighten doubts about the success of the invasion,

and the ability of the occupation forces to restore stability,

especially in the so-called Sunni Triangle to the north and west of the capital,

where attacks on troops have been frequent.

    Headline, I, 1.11.2003, http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=459365

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Voir aussi

Présupposé > questions en be + -ing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

be + -ing > anaphore / intervention de l'énonciateur

reprise / commentaire /

présupposé / conséquence / inférence / emphase

 

autres énoncés

 

 

 

 

Joanne Drake, chief of staff for Reagan's office,

told the Los Angeles Times Nancy Reagan

was stunned by the affection being displayed for Reagan,

beloved by many for his work in ending the Cold War

but also reviled by some for his support of

right-wing governments in Latin America and elsewhere.

"It is unbelievable what I am seeing on TV,"

Drake quoted the former first lady as saying.

"The outpouring of love for my husband is incredible."

    Reagan Starts Last Journey to Washington, R, 9.6.2004,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=5384739&pageNumber=1

 

 

 

 

 

Cathedral £4.5m in debt after millennium fiasco

 

Bradford Cathedral is facing a financial catastrophe

after a failed millennium project left it with debts of £4.5m.

    Headline / sub, G, 10.11.2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/story/0,11711,1081606,00.html 

 

 

 

 

 

Wildcat postal strikes end after pledge on victimisation

 

The Royal Mail could take between three and four weeks to clear a backlog of letters left by wildcat strikes which appeared to be coming to an end yesterday. As more than 20,000 wildcat strikers began returning to work yesterday, the Post Office started the hefty task dealing with a backlog of tens of millions of letters, by re-opening sealed letter boxes and urging the public to "carry on posting".

    Headline and sub, I, 4.11.2003, http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/story.jsp?story=460295

 

 

 

 

 

Wildlife threatened by sweeping reforms of countryside watchdogs

 

Ministers are preparing to weaken protection for wildlife

and the countryside in an unprecedented shake-up of England's official watchdogs.

The move, which is certain to cause a public outcry,

is being seen as revenge for a successful obstruction of the Government's push for GM crops,

and as a pre-emptive strike to undermine opposition to building new roads,

reservoirs and airport runways across the country.

Ministers vigorously deny having ulterior motives,

but are planning to push the changes through

without holding the public consultation traditionally undertaken before changes of this kind.

    Headline and first §§, IoS, 2.11.2003, http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/environment/story.jsp?story=459671

 

 

 

 

 

Estate agents urge buyers to lie about income to get mortgage

 

First-time home buyers are being encouraged to lie about their incomes

by mortgage brokers in some of Britain's biggest estate agents, an investigation says today.

    Headline and §1, G, 29.10.2003, http://money.guardian.co.uk/homebuying/mortgages/story/0,1456,1073018,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

New drug scandal shakes sport

Olympic champions among athletes accused of cheating

 

Leading British athletes are facing a rigorous investigation to discover

whether they have been using a new "designer" anabolic steroid

that is threatening to shatter the credibility of athletics

less than a year before the Olympics in Athens.

    Headline, sub, §1, G, 18.10.2003, http://sport.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,10488,1065865,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Prescott index shows house prices remain buoyant

 

House prices are continuing to show strong growth,

with more than £2,700 added to the value of a typical home in August,

according to new government figures.

    Headline and §1, G, 14.10.2003, http://money.guardian.co.uk/houseprices/story/0,1456,1062548,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Lethal replicas fuel gun crime fears

 

The menace of gun crime, highlighted by a recent spate of murders across England,

is being exacerbated by a growing supply of replica guns converted to fire live ammunition,

a Scotland Yard analysis has concluded.

    Headline and §1, G, 11.10.2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/gun/Story/0,2763,1060695,00.html  

 

 

 

 

 

Kids know him as Harry Potter's pal Nearly Headless Nick.

But back in the day, John Cleese used to star in Monty Python,

whose hilarious "Meaning of Life" will soon be released on DVD.

NEWSWEEK's Andrew Phillips quizzed Cleese about the old days and those to come:

(...)

I hope the new DVD has some wild outtakes.

I haven't seen it myself. I have not reached

that sad stage of sitting at home in the evenings and watching my own movies.

I will say, in my final week, as I lie there at the age of 104,

I shall no doubt be watching this DVD with my 18-year-old bride.

    Periscope, QA, John Cleese, N, 15.9.2003. Question en gras dans l'article.

 

 

 

 

 

BBC accused of plot to stop rivals showing its classics

 

The BBC is being accused by senior industry executives of "discriminatory trading"

to prevent its classic television programmes being shown by rival broadcasters.

    Headline and first paragraph, I, p. 7, 16.9.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

Devotees of Lord of the Rings will think they have died and gone to Middle Earth.

From today, hundreds of props, costumes and and gadgetry

from the epic production of the JJR Tolkien trilogy,

directed by Peter Jackson, go on display in a £750,000 show in London.

The exhibition is being held at London's Science Museum in South Kensington,

founded from the proceeds of the Great Exhibition.

    It's a hit - but should the Science Museum showcase props from a Hollywood movie?, I, p. 3, 16.9.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

All available West Midlands detectives were called in yesterday to launch a murder inquiry and investigation into the looting, arson, and violent assaults. (...) The Home Secretary arrived at the top of Lozells Road, scene of the the worst looting and arson on Monday, at 1.30pm yesterday. (...) The group moved on down Lozells Road, to talk to some of the Asian shop owners worst hit by Monday's riot and looting, the stoning attacks became more intense and the minister's entourage looked in danger of being surrendered. (...) But Mr Hurd rejected criticism of the police and fire services "I quite understand that if you are being terrorized and your shop is being burned and you are being looted minutes seem like hours".

    On This Day, The Times, September 11, 1985, Birmingham violence spreads to new areas, T, p. 37, 11.9.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Voir aussi

 

Présent simple

Present Perfect > Breaking news

Glossaire > Anaphores

Anaphores

 

 

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