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groupe nominal > -ing GN gérondif / segment en -ing déterminant > sens
Protecting America [ Gérondif autonome ]
President Bush signs
Standing with Bush are Photo by Kevin Lamarque/Reuters. Bush Signs Intelligence Overhaul Legislation R
Fri Dec 17, 2004 01:19
PM ET
Commemorating Rosa Parks [ Gérondif autonome ]
President Bush signs a bill REUTERS/Mannie Garcia Rosa Parks to be honored with statue R
1.12.2005
Responding to Katrina [ Gérondif autonome ]
Matt Wuerker Washington, DC Cagle
13.10.2005 Karl Rove, President George W. Bush's top political adviser.
A l'inverse de to -> BV, qui permet à l'énonciateur :
1 - de faire comme si son lecteur / interlocuteur ignorait tout de ce qui va lui être dit, et donc de créer un suspense / un effet d'anticipation / d'annonce et de transmettre une information présentée comme inédite :
To Isolate Iran, U.S. Presses Inspectors on Nuclear Data
October 15,
2011
WASHINGTON — President Obama is pressing United Nations nuclear inspectors to release classified intelligence information showing that Iran is designing and experimenting with nuclear weapons technology. The president’s push is part of a larger American effort to further isolate and increase pressure on Iran after accusing it of a plot to assassinate Saudi Arabia’s ambassador to the United States.
To Isolate Iran, U.S. Presses Inspectors on Nuclear Data,
NYT, 15.10.2011,
To understand the national lottery's impact on British society over the past decade, you need to see beyond a morass of noughts. You need to see beyond the £16 billion the draw has raised for more than 180,000 good causes. You need to see beyond the 1,600 millionaires created since the game began; the two million people who win a prize every week, even if it is only a tenner for getting three numbers right; the 20,000 blue plaques being screwed onto walls to commemorate a local project that has received lottery funding.
So how was it for you?
: Ten years ago the national lottery was launched
Doctors Wage a Frantic Fight to Save a Wounded Officer
November 29, 2005
The guarded entrance to
Building C of the Kings County Hospital Center in Brooklyn is designed for
ambulance traffic, but the green Impala that stopped at its painted curb around
3 a.m. yesterday counted as an emergency vehicle. (...) Doctors
Wage a Frantic Fight to Save a Wounded Officer, NYT, 29.11.2005,
2 - de présenter un objectif nouveau, difficile à atteindre, et supposé non encore compris / admis / assimilé par le destinataire :
Hospitals Seek Allies in the Operating Room
November 18, 2005
It
is a war on rising hospital costs, being fought one tiny balloon at a
time. And as with most wars, some of the tactics are controversial.
To Fight Rising Costs, Hospitals
Seek Allies in the Operating Room, NYT, 18.11.2005,
le gérondif (BV + -ing seul ou avec complément) part d'un autre présupposé :
le connu / reconnu, le récurrent, le rassurant, le non-surprenant, le cliché, le slogan, le mot d'ordre, l'acquis, le mode d'emploi (notamment dans les titres de rubrique), le mode de vie, l'art de vivre, la loi, les règles du jeu, le consensuel, l'enjeu collectif, le projet commun bien défini, l'objectif présenté comme déjà atteint, le déjà-dit / compris, le on-dit, la mémoire collective, un état jugé important, la phase décisive, l'information essentielle, fiable, sur laquelle on ne peut revenir, que l'on ne peut contester.
La valeur majeure de -ing gérondif est la validation - réelle ou fictive - du dit par l'ensemble des énonciateurs. -ing joue ici le rôle d'un sceau énonciatif ( // Will ). Celui-qui-parle se veut / se présente en maître du discours : un titre en -ing gérondif introduit souvent un texte argumenté, qui prétend faire autorité / référence, et auquel l'autre ne peut se dérober.
Protecting America's borders
President Bush
President Renews His Campaign
NYT 29.11.2005
A noter qu'avec les titres en -ing gérondif, la notion d' "énonciateur" s'estompe : n'importe qui peut reprendre n'importe quel segment gérondif, il n'y a pas de "je" qui en assemblerait pour la première fois les éléments (absence de sujet grammatical).
A l'inverse de l'impératif (Base Verbale), où celui qui parle isole l'autre, lui enjoint de faire seul ce qui lui est demandé, sans nécessairement l'aider et surtout sans l'aiguiller dans un discours (voir la publicité, en pages 11 et 13 du Guardian, de British Petroleum), le gérondif (base verbale avec ou sans complément + -ing) relie énonciateur et co-énonciateur dans un système discursif déjà défini. Ce qui se dit appartient à l'ordre du cliché, du discours commun, prévisible.
Il peut y avoir effet d'annonce, mais dans ce cas -ing gérondif implique souvent que ce qui est prévu risque fort de se réaliser, qui plus est avec une certaine facilité (// avec l'énoncé en will de la une du Socialist Worker ). Nombre de titres en -ing jouent d'ailleurs sur l'inéluctable, l'inévitable. Sous-entendu : vous ne pouvez pas y échapper, on ne peut pas faire autrement, on-va-pas-y-couper-hein. Voir aussi > Will
Un énoncé en -ing gérondif vise souvent à rassurer, à conforter le co-énonciateur. Même lorsque l'information est inquiétante, le sous-entendu se veut rassurant : maintenant au moins, on sait, on comprend, c'est clair, on est fixé. L'énonciateur joue sur les deux tableaux : moi qui vous parle, je m'amuse à vous faire peur, je vous fais prendre conscience d'un problème, mais en même temps, je vous donne le mode d'emploi, le schéma, la recette, pour ne plus avoir peur, comprendre, réagir (une du Socialist Worker ).
Addressing the Justice Gap [ Gérondif autonome > sens > objectif + mode d'emploi ]
August 23,
2011 no matter how urgent the issue. Unless they are in a criminal case, most have no access to help from government-financed lawyers either.
Addressing the Justice Gap, NYT, 23.8.2011,
Going for gold [ Gérondif autonome > sens > objectif + explication ]
China's sports schools take thousands of very young children and groom them for glory. In four years' time, it should be the most successful Olympic nation on earth. Sam Wollaston reports Headline and sub, 10.11.2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/china/story/0,7369,1347435,00.html
Smoking, drinking, eating, gambling and hunting. [ Gérondif autonome ]
The government seems to want to be involved with every aspect of our lives. But should it?
Small ideas, big issues, O, 21.11.2004,
The Guardian Technology p. 3 3.11.2005
Game of the week
Socialist Worker p. 1 26.11.2005
The Guardian Extending Boundaries p. 1 2.12.2005
Has the fight been won?
The Guardian p. 11 14.11.2005
The Guardian p. 13 14.11.2005
The Guardian
p. 11 23.11.2005
The Guardian p. 27 7.12.2005
The Guardian Public Services Awards p. 5 30.11.2005
The Guardian Technology p. 1 24.11.2005
Seeing the big picture
The Guardian Technology
p. 1 Thursday November 24, 2005
The Guardian Society p. 6 16.11.2005
British Prime Minister Tony Blair as a ghost.
Martin Rowson
The Guardian p. 33
15.11.2005
Blair and Kelly try to defuse rebellion over
schools
The Guardian
Film & Music p. 17
9.12.2005
The Economist
23.7.2005
November 8, 1993 Vol. 142 No. 19
The Guardian p. 24 14.3.2005
The Guardian Society p. 16 23.11.2005
The Guardian Society p. 11 9.11.2005
The Guardian Society p. 22 19.10.2005
The Guardian Society p. 16 19.10.2005
The Guardian p. 7 15.12.2004
The Guardian p. 3 8.2.2005
George W. Bush site 27.10.2004
The Democratic Party site 16.11.2004
Avec le gérondif, on postule que ce qui est dit est bien connu, répété, établi, accepté par tout-un-chacun - on ne va pas revenir là-dessus -, même si l'information vient de tomber (1), même si ce dont on parle est relativement nouveau (2) :
1 - Hunting with Firefox [ Gérondif autonome ]
Today marks a milestone in the history of the "open source" movement, the extraordinary unpaid community of volunteers all over the world who work together to produce software which is placed in the public domain without commercial gain. Today sees the official launch of Firefox (www.getfirefox.com), a free internet browser that is daring to take on Internet Explorer, owned by Microsoft, which until recently had a market share of over 95%. It roundly beat Netscape (originally known as Mosaic) during the late 1990s in what became known as the browser war.
Headline and §1, G, 9.11.2004,
2 - Buying a car online [ Gérondif autonome > sens > objectif + mode d'emploi ]
Buying a car [ Gérondif sujet de can be ] can be a daunting undertaking, but knowing where to look on the internet [ Gérondif sujet de can make ] can make it a whole lot easier, writes Jane Perrone
Headline and sub, G, 13.11.2004,
Dans la dépêche ci-dessous, abusing Iraqi prisoners relève de la mémoire collective : depuis que les photographies des sévices ont été diffusées sur internet dans les premiers mois de 2004, et reconnues comme authentiques par les autorités américaines, en octobre (date de l'article) personne n'est censé ignorer que des soldats américains ont torturé des prisonniers irakiens dans la prison d'Abu Ghraib.
On ne débat plus de la validité de ces photos, abusing Iraqi prisoners fait déjà partie du discours ambiant, du bruit de fond énonciatif.
BAGHDAD (Reuters) - A military judge jailed a U.S. army sergeant, described in court as a typical all-American boy, for eight years on Thursday for [ préposition ] sexually and physically abusing Iraqi prisoners. [ abusing Iraqi prisoners ne détermine aucun nom, il ne s'agit donc pas d'un segment déterminant en -ing,
mais d'un gérondif complément de cause du verbe
jailed ]
is by far the toughest of those handed down to three soldiers now convicted
over abuses at
Baghdad's Abu Ghraib prison.
when they were published in April. appeared shaken and looked at the floor after judge Colonel James Pohl announced his verdict,
which included a dishonorable discharge and a
demotion. that included assault, committing an indecent act [ Gérondif objet de included ]
and dereliction of duty. admitted helping tie wires to the fingers and penis of one prisoner [ Gérondif objet de admitted ] and telling him he could be electrocuted, [ Gérondif objet de admitted ] and forcing three hooded detainees to masturbate. [ Gérondif objet de admitted ] U.S. Soldier Gets 8 Years for Iraq Jail Abuse, R, Thu Oct 21, 2004 01:16 PM ET, http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=Z35OXH5AICI1WCRBAE0CFEY?type=topNews&storyID=6572962
A gadget which combines two of Britain's greatest preoccupations, watching television and looking in the mirror, [ Gérondif objet de combines ] has triumphed in an annual innovation contest.
Gadget awards celebrate great British
obsessions, G, 29.10.2004,
Delivering the goods [ Gérondif autonome > sens > objectif + mode d'emploi ]
There's no doubting Google's power and popularity. Yet few of us use the search engine effectively. Jack Schofield offers some tips Headline and sub, G, 21.10.2004,
Mutu denies using cocaine [ Gérondif objet de denies ]
"Scared" striker back in London for talks with Mourinho Headline and sub,
G, 18.10.2004,
'It is about [ préposition ] being accepted in society'
[ gérondif complément du verbe
is ]
Headline, G, 13.10.2004,
Getting deeper into debt [ Gérondif autonome > sens > constat ]
Once Britain was a nation of shopkeepers - now it appears we are a nation of debtors. Jill Phillip on the high street lenders who help us further into the red Headline and sub,
G, 4.10.2004,
16.10.2004
Britain is to become a lead player in an ambitious European space programme which includes landing astronauts on Mars by 2033. [ Gérondif objet de includes ] The science minister, Lord Sainsbury, announced today that the UK is contributing £5m to help pave the way for the Aurora programme to explore the solar system, including manned missions to Earth's nearest planetary neighbour. The pledge effectively gives Britain a guaranteed place among the front-rank European Space Agency participants. The money, from the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), will go towards [ préposition ] defining a road map for Aurora and starting work on the programme's first robotic missions. [ defining a road map for Aurora and starting work on the programme's first robotic missions ne détermine aucun nom, il ne s'agit donc pas d'un segment déterminant en -ing,
mais d'un gérondif objet du GV will go
]
Britain joins mission to Mars,
G, 1.10.2004,
Study claims watching TV can shorten a child's attention span... [ Gérondif objet de claims ]
Larry Wright The Detroit News Cagle
7.4.2004
Rappel : Il ne faut pas confondre gérondif GNSujet / GNObjet, complément de nom / d'adjectif) et
Le groupe gérondif est une forme nominale auto-déterminée, autonome.
A l'inverse d'un segment déterminant en -ing, segment qui s'accroche à un nom / GN pour le compléter, le gérondif fait sens toute seul.
La forme gérondive est d'ailleurs très souvent utilisée seule dans les titres de journaux (voir aussi The Economist) :
Time
August 8, 2005
Vol. 166 No. 6
6.8.2005
Seeking solutions [ Gérondif autonome ]
Google has set the cat among the pigeons with the release of its Desktop Search tool, which keeps track of the contents of your PC. Bobbie Johnson reports
Headline and sub, G,
21.10.20O04,
Le GN gérondif peut être sujet ou objet d'un verbe.
Ellipse (Ø) de préposition (from, by) :
Dans le titre-ci-dessous,
seeing baby daughter ne porte pas sur / ne détermine pas / ne qualifie pas Batman.
seeing baby daughter est un GN gérondif objet du verbe stop from.
Enoncé reconstitué / théorique avec verbe prépositionnel stop from : Protesting 'stops Batman from seeing baby daughter'.
Protesting 'stops Batman Ø seeing baby daughter'
He risked his life, his liberty and his reputation to perch for five hours on a ledge at Buckingham Palace dressed as Batman. It was all, he said, to highlight the injustice of [ préposition ] not being allowed proper contact with his two young children from a previous marriage. [ Gérondif complément du GN the injustice ] As Jason Hatch walked out of a police cell yesterday it was surprising, then, to find his current girlfriend complaining that his commitment to [ préposition ] protesting for fathers' rights [ Gérondif complément du GN his commitment ] meant he had little time for their seven-month-old daughter - the youngest of his four children by three different women.
Headline and
first §§, G, 15.9.2004,
- > Voir Groupe nominal > GN avec segment (s) déterminant (s) en -ing
Larry Wright The Detroit News Cagle
8.6.2004
Dans le dessin ci-dessus (anglais américain), sending him to his room three years ago détermine mistake.
Enoncé recomposé / théorique : Did we make a mistake by [ préposition ] sending him to his room three years ago? Traductions explicatives : Aurions-nous fait l'erreur de l'envoyer dans sa chambre il y a trois ans ? C'était peut-être une erreur de l'envoyer dans sa chambre il y a trois ans ?
sending him to his room three years ago détermine / complète / précise le sens de mistake. Avec ce complément d'information, le lecteur comprend de quelle erreur il s'agit.
Retour à l'article sur Jason Hatch / Batman, mais avec le segment en -ing mis en évidence, qui apporte un complément d'information au GN his current girlfriend.
Protesting 'stops Batman seeing baby daughter'
He risked his life, his liberty and his reputation to perch for five hours on a ledge at Buckingham Palace dressed as Batman. It was all, he said, to highlight the injustice of not being allowed proper contact with his two young children from a previous marriage. As Jason Hatch walked out of a police cell yesterday it was surprising, then, to find his current girlfriend complaining that his commitment to protesting for fathers' rights meant he had little time for their seven-month-old daughter [ ce segment en -ing apporte une information relative à l'état de his current girlfriend, mais cette information n'est pas catégorisante : elle ne catégorise pas girlfriend ]. - the youngest of his four children by three different women. Headline and first §§, G, 15.9.2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1304743,00.html
Chasseur, passe ton chemin!
mercredi 24 novembre 2004 -
19:32, Libération / Reuters
GN gérondif > autres énoncés > gérondif ≠ segment en -ing
The government's policy of [ préposition ] handing key education services to the private sector [ segment en -ing complément du GN The government's policy ] came under renewed attack yesterday after ministers confirmed that a £177m contract has been awarded to Britain's biggest outsourcing company, Capita.
Capita's
school deal under fire, G, 2.10.2004,
Barclays denies 'fleecing' clients [ Gérondif objet de denies ],
Barclays Bank is likely to be accused of making profits of at least $300m (£166m), [ Gérondif objet de be accused of ] by [ préposition ] short-selling complex bond instruments, [ Gérondif complément de moyen de making profits of at least $300m (£166m) ]
known as CDOs, where clients who had bought
the products suffered huge losses.
Last week HSH Nordbank, the German bank, filed a case in
London's high court to recover $150m (£85m) of losses it said it suffered by
[ préposition ]
investing in collateralised debt obligations (CDOs)
issued by Barclays
[ Gérondif complément de cause
]. It claims it was mis-sold the products. Barclays yesterday strongly denied
taking out short positions in the bonds
[ Gérondif objet de
denied
], but the scale and bitterness of the legal battle is already causing deep alarm among other investment banks operating
in the lightly regulated $500bn market for credit derivatives such as CDOs
Headline and first §§, 2.10.2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,3604,1318012,00.html
Making pension contributions compulsory [ Gérondif sujet de would distract ], would "distract from the problems of the UK pensions system", according to an influential Labour-affiliated thinktank. The Fabian Society said any plans to force workers and employers to make pension contributions could also prove to be a vote loser if employers push through cuts in wages to pay for the scheme. Fabian research director Richard Brooks said compelling companies to make pensions contributions [ Gérondif sujet de will lead ] will lead to lower wages because "compulsion does not produce free money".
Compulsory pensions
'could be a vote loser', says thinktank, G, 20.0.2004,
Being Cherie [ Gérondif autonome ]
Cherie Blair reveals precious little in her book on life in the Downing Street 'fishbowl', but what have the past seven years really been like for Britain's first lady? Has she managed to redefine the role of prime minister's spouse - or fallen victim to a demanding public and a ruthless press? And what is it with her and money? Fiona Millar, who worked for Cherie for eight years, knows better than most. Here, for the first time, she describes the perilous tightrope any Downing Street wife must walk Headline and sub, G, 16.9.2004, http://politics.guardian.co.uk/cherie/comment/0,12713,1305474,00.html
Computerising the body: [ Gérondif autonome ] Microsoft wins patent to exploit network potential of skin
Fact or fiction - carrying a keyboard on your arm [ Gérondif autonome ] Call it the ultimate wireless network. From the ends of your fingers to the tips of your toes, the human body is a moving, throbbing collection of tubes and tunnels, filled with salty water and all capable of transmitting the lifeblood of the 21st century: information. [ segment en -ing déterminant / catégorisant all ]. In what may seem a move too far to some, the computer software giant Microsoft has been granted exclusive rights to this ability of the body to act as a computer network. Two weeks ago the company was awarded US Patent 6,754,472, which bears the title: Method and apparatus for transmitting power and data using the human body [ Préposition for suivie d'un segment en -ing déterminant le GN Method and apparatus ] Microsoft envisages using the human skin's conductive properties to link a host of electronic devices around the body, from pagers and personal data assistants (PDA) to mobile phones and microphones [ Gérondif objet de envisages ], although the company is uncharacteristically coy about exactly what it may have in mind. Headline, sub and first §§, 6.7.2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/news/0,12597,1254911,00.html
Getting on the wrong bus usually spells [ Gérondif sujet de spells ] disaster, but for one second world war veteran on Sunday it led to the ride of a lifetime.
How D-day veteran hitched a
lift with a president, G, 8.6.2004,
The Guardian p. 17 8.9.2004
Voir aussi
Ne pas confondre Anglonautes > Grammaire > Syntaxe > Segment en -ing to -> BV : la fiction du jamais-dit
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