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déterminants > each
déterminant / pronom / every / all
The Guardian
Weekend p. 18
22.4.2006
The Guardian
p. 8 16.5.2005
The Guardian
Travel p. 15
8.4.2006
The Guardian
p. 34 19.12.2006
The Guardian
Weekend p. 74
15.7.2006
The Guardian
Work p. 19
8.7.2006
The Guardian
p. 8 22.4.2006
The Guardian
Society 2 p. 21
5.4.2006
The Guardian
Society p. 23
9.11.2005
The Guardian Sport
p. 32 13.8.2005
The Guardian
p. 28 4.11.2005
The Guardian
p. 8 4.11.2005
The Guardian
p. 21 7.7.2007
The Guardian
p. 15 1 December 2008
http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2008/12/01/pdfs/gdn_081201_ber_15_21350753.pdf
British motorists face paying a new charge for
every mile they drive in a revolutionary
scheme to be introduced within two years.
Drivers will pay according to when and how far they travel throughout the
country's road network under proposals being developed by the Government.
Alistair Darling, the Secretary of State for Transport, revealed that pilot
areas will be selected in just 24 months' time as he made clear his
determination to press ahead with a national road pricing scheme.
Each [ pronom ]
of Britain's
24 million vehicles would be tracked by satellite if a variable
"pay-as-you-drive" charge replaces the current road tax.
[ ... ]
The rapid uptake of satellite navigational
technology in cars is helping to usher in the new "pay-as-you-drive" charge much
sooner than had been expected. Figures contained in a government feasibility
study have suggested motorists could pay up to £1.34 for
each [ déterminant ]
mile they travel during peak hours on the most congested roads.
Although a fully operational national scheme
is still considered to be a decade away, Mr Darling said local schemes could be
up and running within five years. Manchester is considered a front-runner, with
local authorities in the Midlands and London also pressing to be considered for
a £2.5bn central fund to introduce the change.
Most of the necessary technology already exists. Lorries will be tracked by
satellite and charged accordingly from 2007. The main obstacle to constructing a
scheme to track Britain's 24 million private vehicles is public opinion, and Mr
Darling is determined to start making the case now.
"You could dance around this for years but every
year the problem is getting worse," he said.
Satellite toll plan to make drivers pay by the mile > Darling
orders nationwide road pricing. Charge of £1.34 a mile on busiest roads, O,
5.6.2005,
http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/transport/story.jsp?story=644303
3.11.2005
14.6.2005
http://www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,2-2005270258,00.html
Chinese Checkers Master will rate your skill
level, track your progress with each game you play,
give you the most challenging, human-like computer opponents to play against,
and so much more.
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positional advantage. The better you get at analyzing patterns and predicting
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You will always know your current player
rating with Chinese Checkers Master's extensive statistics tracking. Chinese
Checkers Master has all the features you
would expect in a Chinese Checkers game. Here’s a sample of the features
included:
- Intelligent computer opponents who play like
real humans do. You can choose the skill level of each
computer opponent from Novice to Master player. In total, there are
five different computer opponent skill settings.
- A complete statistics database which records all your
games under your name. For every game you
play, your player rating is automatically updated, telling you at a
glance what your skill level is.
Chinese Checkers Master, copié 30.11.2004,
http://www.guardiangames.com/Pages/ChineseCheckers.html
Plan to keep file on every child
Every child
in England will be given a unique identifying number attached to an electronic
file of personal information about their lives, under plans announced yesterday
to avoid a repetition of the murder of Victoria Climbié.
The eight-year-old from the Ivory Coast died
in London in 2000 after months of torture and malnutrition. Her carers were
jailed for life, but a public inquiry under Lord Laming identified at least 12
occasions when she might have been saved by social workers, police or NHS staff
if they had been aware of each others' suspicions.
The proposal came as part of a wide-ranging package of reforms, announced by
Tony Blair, including plans to appoint an independent children's commissioner to
champion their rights.
To tighten the child protection net, a sophisticated tracking system to keep
tabs on England's 11 million children has been proposed.
In 150 local authorities, where education and children's social services are to
be merged into new children's departments, there will be a "local information
hub" recording details of all the children living in
the area.
Headline and §1, 9.9.2003,
http://society.guardian.co.uk/children/story/0,1074,1038411,00.html
The Guardian
G2 p. 13
25.5.2005
http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2005/05/25/pages/two12.shtml
How to pick a winning hand
every time
(...)
Never play rock, paper, scissors with a
mathematician. Well, not until you have heard what Simon Singh has to say
But the greatest achievement of mathematicians
with respect to RPS has been to invent a dice game. The game involves two
players, each [
pronom ] rolling a die, and the one with
the higher number wins. Each player starts
by choos ing a die from a selection of three, labelled A, B and C. Curiously,
over the course of several throws, die A beats die B, while B beats C, while C
beats A!
Common sense tells us that die C should not beat die A, because we have a notion
that if A is better than B, and B is better than C, then A should be better than
C. Mathematicians calls this usual relationship transitive. Consequently, the
dice that defy this rule and instead obey the laws of RPS are called
non-transitive dice.
Here are the faces for one possible set of three non-transitive dice.
Each die has three numbers,
each one repeated to cover the six faces.
Die A -3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7
Die B - 2, 2, 4, 4, 9, 9
Die C - 1, 1, 6, 6, 8, 8
So what happens if you play die A against die B? If A shows a three, then it
will win 1/3 of the time. If A shows a five then it will win 2/3 of the time.
And if A throws a seven then it will again 2/3 of the time. Hence, on average A
beats B 5/9 of the time.
Similarly, we can analyse die B played against die C. If B shows a two, then it
will win 1/3 of the time. If B shows a four then it will win 1/3 of the time.
And if B shows a nine then it will win 3/3 of the time. Hence, on average B
beats C 5/9 of the time.
Finally, we can play die C against die A. If C shows a one, then it will win 0/3
of the time. If C shows a six then it will win 2/3 of the time. And if C shows
an eight then it will win 3/3 of the time. On average C beats A 5/9 of the time.
Curiously, the numbers of the three dice form the rows of a magic square.
Indeed, another set of non-transitive dice can also be constructed, by using the
numbers in the three columns of the same magic square.
6, 1, 8
7, 5, 3
2, 9, 4
This discovery of mathematical RPS dates back to the 1970s, and it has been used
by mathematicians ever since as way of paying their rent. Typically, a savvy
mathematician might go into a bar, show how die A beats die B and how die B
beats die C, and then he challenges drinkers to a game of highest number wins.
Every opponent picks die A, which appears to
be the superior dice, but the crafty mathematician then wins by picking dice C.
Keen to come up with an even cleverer set of non-transitive dice, Bradley Efron
of Stanford University developed sets of four dice, whereby
every die could be beaten by at least one
other die. The advantage of these sets of four dice is that they can offer a
greater chance of winning on each throw and
therefore a bigger profit margin.
Die A - 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4
Die B - 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3
Die C - 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6
Die D - 1, 1, 1, 5, 5, 5
Die A beats B 2/3 of the time, B beats C 2/3 of the time, C beats D 2/3 of the
time, and D beats A 2/3 of the time.
Even better, Allen J Schwenk of Western Michigan University discovered a set of
three non-transitive dice that exhibit a very peculiar (and useful) property.
The dice have the following faces:
Die A - 1, 1, 1, 13, 13, 13
Die B - 0, 3, 3, 12, 12, 12
Die C - 2, 2, 2, 11, 11, 14
First, as before, if your opponent picks any die, then you can always pick one
that beats it. However, if you are forced to pick first and your opponent
happens to then pick the better die, then a slight rule change still gives you
the edge. Just play the game such that each die
is rolled twice and it is the highest total that wins. Bizarrely, your inferior
die suddenly becomes superior.
If you happen to bump into a mathematician in a bar playing non-transitive dice,
then you might want to fight back by offering a game of extreme rock, paper,
scissors, which has the added twist that the winner of a bout can punish the
loser by using their winning hand. A winning rock leads to a punch, a winning
paper to a slap, and a winning scissors to a poke. This adds immense complexity
to the game. The mathematician might be tempted to offer rock rather than
scissors as it will allow a punch rather than a poke if it wins, but a skilled
opponent will anticipate this and offer paper, which defeats the rock and allows
a slap in return.
Perhaps such retaliation might help restore some integrity and decency to the
ancient game of RPS. The Romans, who played micare digitis (flash the fingers),
used to say of an honest man: "Dignus est quicum in tenebris mices", which meant
that he could be trusted to play RPS in the dark.
How
to pick a winning hand every time : Never play rock, paper, scissors with a
mathematician. Well, not until you have heard what Simon Singh has to say, G,
14.10.2004,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/life/feature/story/0,13026,1326278,00.html
Each ... and Every Inch
Now here is something completely different
away from the hustle and bustle of the fringe. Theatre Cryptic's multi-sensory
odyssey into the mind of Elizabeth Smart, the author of the slender but
devastating By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept, is a trip well worth
making. Perhaps because this promenade event requires the audience to make a
journey through the hidden spaces of the Gateway theatre, and to open up enough
to make a tour into our own emotional hinterlands.
Each ... and Every
Inch is really a cunning installation which leads the audience from
room to room and in the process deeper and deeper into the pain and passion of
Smart's psyche as she struggles with her overwhelming love for her married
lover, the poet George Barker. In one room, the faces of Smart and Barker morph
into each other; in another Smart's obsessive personality is represented by
stacks of wooden books.
Throughout, the sound of the sea and the sound of shattered glass and shattered
hearts mingle with Smart's words. "There is," wrote Smart "an imminence in a
certain kind of silence". The silence here is of your own heart beating.
Headline, full text, 19.8.2004,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/edinburgh2004/story/0,14762,1286068,00.html
Tony Blair
today backed David Blunkett, who is accused of fast-tracking a visa application
to help a former lover, telling a Downing Street press conference that he has
"absolutely every confidence" in the home
secretary.
Blair backs Blunkett, G,
29.11.2004,
http://politics.guardian.co.uk/homeaffairs/story/0,11026,1362066,00.html
The Guardian
p. 7 25.5.2005
http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2005/05/25/pages/brd7.shtml
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